Bamboo Fibre-reinforced Semi-Metallic Brake Friction Materials for Automotive Applications

¹ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Malaysia
² ARTeC, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Penang, Malayisa
³ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malayisa
⁴ Advanced Materials Centre, SIRIM Berhad, Jalan High-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Malayisa

^a Corresponding author: drtalib@ppinang.uitm.edu.my

Abstract

Three friction material formulations composed of bamboo fiber along with binder, friction modifiers and filler have been prepared through powder metallurgy process. Sample F1 and F2 are composed of 10 wt. % of copper and barium, respectively, while the other ingredients in both formulations have the same wt. %. The wt. % of bamboo fiber in sample F3 is, however, increased by 100%, while the compositions of the other ingredients are proportionally decreased. The samples were examined for their porosity, hardness, and friction and wear properties using hot bath, Rockwell hardness tester, and CHASE friction dynamometer, respectively. The test results are compared with those of a commercial sample as the benchmark. Normal and hot frictions of all the three samples developed comply with the requirements specified by Automotive Manufacturer Equipment Companies Agency (AMECA). However, sample F3 which is composed of 20 wt. % of bamboo fiber does not comply with the minimum requirement of friction coefficient. Whereas, sample F2, which is composed of 10 wt. % of bamboo fiber and 10 wt. % of barium, has lower friction coefficient than the commercial sample, and has a sudden drop in friction coefficient at a temperature of 500°F. Out of three developed samples, sample F1, which is composed of 10 wt. % of bamboo fiber and 10 wt. % of copper, complies with all the requirements and has higher friction coefficient than the commercial sample, and has higher fade resistance. Thus, it could be postulated that bamboo fiber could be used as a reinforcing fiber with composition of 10 wt. %.