Challenges of the growing African cement market – environmental issues, regulative framework, and quality infrastructure requirements

¹ Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Department “Safety of Structures”, Berlin, Germany
² University of Cape Town, Department of Civil Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa
³ Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), President, Berlin, Germany
⁴ Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Department “International Cooperation“, Braunschweig, Germany

Abstract

The African cement, concrete and construction business is growing at rapid pace. The cement sales are expected to grow rapidly until 2050. The number of newly built cement plants increases dramatically and in addition more cements are being imported from outside the continent, e.g. from Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, and China, driven by overcapacities in the countries of origin. This causes a high number of potentials and challenges at the same time. Newly built cement plants can operate directly at best technological state of the art and thus incorporate more sustainable technologies as well as produce new and more sustainable products such as cements blended with sustainable supplementary cementitious materials such as calcined clays, and industrial or agricultural by products. At the same time the new variety of binding agent as well as the international imports, which are driven by price considerations, make the cement market prone to quality scatter. This puts pressure on the quality control regulations and institutions to ensure safety of construction, healthy application, and environmental safety for the population. The paper presents possible solutions to build up the rapidly increasing African cement production more sustainably than in the rest of the world as well as the related challenges and obstacles that need to be overcome. Based on experiences with a series of pan-African cement testing laboratory proficiency schemes conclusions are made on technical, regulative and political level.