Issue |
MATEC Web Conf.
Volume 324, 2020
3rd International Conference “Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Air Conditioning and Life Support Systems” (CRYOGEN 2019)
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Article Number | 02004 | |
Number of page(s) | 11 | |
Section | Refrigeration Technology and Technics | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032402004 | |
Published online | 09 October 2020 |
Low temperature vacuum sublimation refrigerators on carbon dioxide as working fluid
Moscow Polytechnic University Moskow, 107023, Russian Federation
The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental analysis of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine based on carbon dioxide. Such refrigeration machines can be equipped with refrigerators for the needs of medicine, where low temperatures are widely in demand in the range from minus 80 degrees Celsius to minus 130 degrees Celsius. The problem of developing alternative refrigeration machines is dictated by modern environmental requirements for working substances, which are gradually being tightened and soon the use of familiar freons will become impossible. For the air conditioning and commercial refrigeration industry, new substances are being actively developed, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrocarbons can also serve as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons and their mixtures, but it must be considered that they are combustible and explosive. A carbon dioxide vacuum sublimation unit may be an alternative to modern freon vapor compression refrigeration units for the indicated temperature range, but subject to comparable energy costs during its operation. The article examined the three-stage and four-stage cycles of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine, conducted their theoretical comparison in terms of COP with a cascade cycle on hydrocarbon working substances. It can be noted that the COP of the considered cycles are close, but the environmental friendliness, safety and non-combustibility of carbon dioxide gives the advantages of a vacuum freeze-drying refrigeration machine.
Key words: carbon dioxide / low pressure sublimation / refrigeration machine / low temperature medical freezers / refrigerants
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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