Influence of selected additives and admixtures on underwater concrete and the environment

¹ Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
² HydroBiolLab, Research Company and Hydrobiological Laboratory, ul. Żeliwna 23a, 81-159 Gdynia, Poland
³ University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
⁴ Institute of Oceanology PAS, Sopot, Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland

Abstract

The intensive civilization development implies searching for new possibilities connected with extension of city agglomerations, both the areas of flat building and the industrial areas. One of the most interesting solution is to use water reservoirs, rivers and sea areas. The extension of buildings affects the building materials, especially hydrotechnical concrete. Water structures are usually the objects of huge dimensions exposed to extreme conditions. In most cases these buildings are specific and complicated. They require an individual approach to concrete mix design and should be monitored by measurement technologies supported by automated numerical examinations. Nowadays health monitoring systems are applied to large variety of engineering structures. In order to get the required quality of hydrotechnical concrete, additives and admixtures are necessary. The material properties of underwater concrete can be also improved using polymer and steel fibers of various content and length. The majority of areas are built of concrete, that is the reason to be aware of admixture influence on the environment and living organisms. The attempt to evaluate the description of different kinds of hydrotechnical concrete as potential habitat of water organisms, was indicated in the paper.