Properties of Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Gels Containing Different Numbers of Methylene Units

¹ Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
² National Institute of Technology Niihama College, Yagumocho, 7-1, Niihama-shi, Ehime Prefecture 792-8580
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, HigashiHiroshima, 739-8527, Japan

^* Corresponding author: eva-oktavia@chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract

The present research was performed aiming to develop gel with the characteristic of reversible thermosensitive in adsorbing heavy metal ions from its solution. There were three gels used in this study to adsorb heavy metal ion from salt solution provided Zn(NO₃)₂; copolymer gel consisting of zwitterionic betaine N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS), N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium butane sulfonate (DMAABS), and DMAAPS copolymerized with thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gels. The aforementioned gels were employed to examine its ability in adsorbing and swelling after being synthesized through free radical polymerization before being affected by methylene spacer number, copolymerization, and temperature given. This research found that as the temperature increases, the ability of the gel in adsorbing the ions decreases. In the case of DMAAPS and DMAABS gel, the swelling degree value increases when the temperature also increases. Meanwhile, sulfobetaine which has larger spacer has higher adsorption ability but not with its swelling degree. In spite of having more spacer than DMAAPS, DMAABS found to have the smallest swelling degree value. In addition, NIPAM-co-DMAAPS was found to have both the highest adsorption ability and swelling degree value. Even though copolymer has less amount of sulfobetaine than DMAAPS and DMAABS gels’, the copolymer gel was found to have higher ability of adsorption as many as ten times of other gels.