Landslides susceptibility assessment using AHP method in Kanyosha watershed (Bujumbura-Burundi): Urbanisation and management impacts

¹ University of Burundi, Department of Earth Sciences, Bujumbura, Burundi
² Université Mohammed V, Faculté Sciences, Département Sciences de la Terre, Unité de recherche GEORISK. Avenue Ibn Battouta Rabat – Agdal, Boîte Postale 1014, Rabat, Maroc
³ Musée Royal pour l’Afrique Centrale, Bruxelles, Belgique

Abstract

The Kanyosha watershed is unstable due to the presence of several landslides, which occupy about 3% of the study area. They are causing major damage which costs expensive to the Government of Burundi as well as to the population residing there and their properties. Roads, schools, irrigation canals, houses, crop fields, etc., are in danger of collapse. These landslides are mostly naturally occurring but can sometimes be reactivated by heavy rains or human activities during the excavation of building materials from the river bed.In order to carry out this study, we used the multivariate statistical classification with weighting of the responsible parameters of landslides risk to reach the susceptibility map of mass movements in the Kanyosha watershed. Remote sensing, geology, morphometry and bibliography were the data sources for the different parameters. Google Earth images, ortho-photos and field prospecting helped us to identify the landslides needed to validate the susceptibility map.During the fieldwork, we observed 34 landslides of different types, which were superimposed on the mass movements susceptibility map obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and compared to previous studies in which the matrix indexing method was used. We found approximately similar results with the consideration of different scales of work. These reasons confirm the validity of the susceptibility map at the level of the Kanyosha watershed, a map which is an essential document for urban planning and land management.