Research on the Modification of Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode for Lithium-ion Batteries

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

^* Corresponding author: 8204222320@csu.edu

Abstract

With the global energy structure transformation and the sharp reduction in fossil fuel reserves, the development of efficient energy storage technologies has become a core topic to solve the energy crisis. Lithium-ion batteries have dominated in fields such as electric vehicles, intelligent terminals, and grid energy storage due to their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and safety. However, traditional lithium-based battery systems still face challenges such as energy density bottlenecks, insufficient cycle stability, and cost pressure. This study focuses on lithium iron phosphate cathode materials, systematically exploring their crystal structure characteristics, electrochemical mechanisms, and modification strategies. Through doping optimization, nanoscale design, and carbon- based composite coating technologies, the ion diffusion rate and electronic conductivity have been significantly improved. Experiments show that doping at the Al/Li sites can expand the lattice channels and reduce the migration barrier of Li⁺; the combination of nanoscale particles and double- carbon layer coating enables the rate performance to remain at a specific capacity of 106.3 mAh/g even at 20C. This study provides theoretical support and a technical path for the development of cost-effective and long- life lithium-ion batteries.