Modelling wire-arc-additive manufacturing for joining by forming applications João M. A. Viegas, Pedro M. S. Rosado, Rui F. V. Sampaio, João P. M. Pragana, Ivo M. F. Bragança, Carlos M. A. Silva and Paulo A. F. Martins MATEC Web Conf., 408 (2025) 02022 Published online: 07 May 2025 DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/202540802022