Optimization of Parabolic Trough Design for Enhanced Efficiency in Solar Thermal Systems

BTech Student, Mechanical Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India

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Abstract

In order to increase the efficiency of Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) in solar thermal applications, this study proposes an optimal design for these devices. Non-uniform heat distribution, which lowers thermal efficiency and results in material stress, is a major drawback of traditional PTC systems. In order to improve solar flux concentration and uniformity, a novel arrangement that incorporates a plano-convex lens above the receiving tube has been devised. Heat flow distribution and system behavior under different environmental circumstances were analyzed using SolTrace optical modeling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A steady-state analysis of turbulent, incompressible flow with mixed convection was part of the research methodology. Furthermore, a discrete ordinate technique was used to describe the thermal radiation between the absorber tube and the glass envelope. An accurate evaluation of improvements in solar flux concentration brought about by lens integration was made possible using SolTrace simulations. Wind load testing guaranteed operational stability in harsh circumstances, while structural analysis verified that the reflecting sheets deformed minimal under loading. According to the results, the plano-convex lens raises the concentration of solar flux, which increases structural stability and thermal efficiency. A more consistent temperature distribution along the receiver tube was shown by integrating SolTrace for optical validation. The system's long-term operational viability was validated by structural simulations, which confirmed its resilience in harsh environmental circumstances. By putting out an affordable strategy for enhancing the longevity and efficiency of PTC systems, this study advances renewable energy and speeds up the shift to sustainable energy sources.