Mechanisms of opioids and evaluation on existing therapies for addiction

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93107 CA, USA

^* Corresponding author: yitiankong@ucsb.edu

Abstract

This research explores the intricate mechanisms of opioid action and evaluates a diverse of different therapeutic approaches for in the treatment of the opioid addiction. The results show that opioids produce their effects by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system, mainly targeting μ-opioid receptors (MORs), where this interaction leads to analgesia, euphoria, and a significant risk of addiction. In addition, this research critically examines the efficacy of different addiction therapies, such as the use of methadone, is analysed for its ability to stabilize patients and reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. The effectiveness of behavioural therapies, such as Contingency Management (CM), is also evaluated, emphasizing their roles in reinforcing positive behaviours and addressing the psychological aspects of addiction. The research concludes with a discussion on the integration of these therapies to create comprehensive, patient-cantered treatment plans, aiming to improve long-term recovery outcomes and reduce the societal impact of opioid addiction.