Assessing (Auditing) the Conformity with Legal and Other Provisions in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety of Critical Power Infrastructures

In order to ensure energy, economic and societal security, the State must ensure access to electricity to all domestic, industrial and vital consumers, which are made through critical power infrastructures. This makes power substations strategic objectives of national and European interest, and the role of OHS (personnel and secure workplaces in an ergonomic and healthy working environment) on them becomes a major objective to ensure the smooth functioning of the national economy. In the current situation, and in many unfortunate cases, OHS activity is subordinate to production or service activity and OHS risk assessments and audits are also made formally by non-specialized personnel, leading to undesirable events with an unstable effect, and the need for assessment (auditing) with legal and other provisions is intended to verify compliance with OHS rules and principles and to limit or stop work accidents. This paper addresses the verification of OHS, by "INCDPM Bucharest method" Assessment of conformity with legal and other provisions (auditing)" to an European critical infrastructure (power substation), for the purpose of verifying knowledge and conformity with legal and other provisions at the workplace level and assessing the efficiency or failure of the OHS management system of the analyzed economic entity management, and after implementation it will serve as a tool to verify the functioning of the system. The assessment (auditing) of the OHS shows that the critical power infrastructure under consideration has an overall level of safety close to maximum (99,88%) and a low overall risk level, which means that OHS rules are met and the assessment (auditing) has had a positive effect. 1 Description, purpose and necessity of the assessment of conformity with legal and other provisions in terms of OHS INCDPM Bucharest method The obligation to establish and maintain a continuous process of assessment of conformity with legal and other provisions in force results from the provisions of the Occupational * Corresponding author: emilia_grigorie@yahoo.com © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). MATEC Web of Conferences 343, 10019 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134310019 MSE 2021

Safety and Health Law 319/2006, as well as from standards SR OHSAS 18001:2008 and SR ISO 45001:2018 (clause 4.5.2) and is thus applicable to any organization, regardless of its option related to the implementation of a management system [1,2]. The purpose of the conformity assessment is a direct one, namely checking the degree of knowledge and conformity with legal and other provisions at workplace or organization level and an indirect one of assessing the effectiveness of the OHS management system at work [3,4]. Conformity assessment should be carried out as part of the initial analysis preceding the developement and implementation of an OHS management system, in order to ground the management's decisions in this way. After implementation, the conformity assessment is used as a tool to verify the operation of the management system, in order to establish the decisions required for ensuring the continuous improvement of the system. The assessment method used in this paper consists of the following sets of independent sheets: -Sheet A -"Employer's obligations"; -Sheet B -"Personnel' rights and obligations"; -Sheets C -"General requirements"; -Sheets D -" Specific requirements". The A and B sheets are intended for the assessment of the organization's management against legal provisions and apply only once, throughout the organization. The relevant sheets in sets C and D shall apply for each compartment, workplace or activity which is assessed. For each sheet, the audit criteria represented by the elements of national legislation and by European directives that these legal regulations transpose are indicated, where appropriate. The sheet contains a checklist of indicators formulated in such a way as to be directly related to the provisions of the statutory acts constituting the audit criteria. Each indicator of the sheet shall be assessed on the basis of the verified information collected on-site by the evaluation team and noted by a score, depending on the extent to which this information shows that the requirements to which the indicator refers have been met. The scoring system shall allow each indicator to be assessed as follows: -Not-applicable (N/A) -in the situation where the requirement referred to in the indicator is not applicable to the assessed objective; -0 points -if the requirements described by the indicator is totally unfulfilled; -1 point -if the requirement described by the indicator is partially fulfilled, but in a proportion of maximum 50%; -2 points -if the requirement described by the indicator is partially fulfilled, but in a proportion of over 50%; -3 points -if the requirement described by the indicator is fully fulfilled. The indicators have weighting coefficients associated, with possible values of 1, 2 or 3, depending on the importance of the requirement referred to by the respective indicator. After assessing the indicators of the sheet, the level of conformity and/or level of security are determined.
The level of conformity expresses the extent to which the requirements forming the audit criteria are met for the objective under consideration, giving equal importance to all requirements. The conformity level (NC) shall be obtained as the ratio of the achieved score (PO) to the maximum score (PM) and expressed as a percentage according to the relationship: The score obtained (PO) is calculated with the relationship: c b a PO where: a -is the total of scores for questions having weighting coefficient 3; b -is the total of scores for questions having weighting coefficient 2; c -is the total of scores for questions having weighting coefficient 1. The maximum score (PM) is calculated with the relationship: where: d -the number of questions applicable which have a weighting coefficient 3; e -the number of questions applicable which have a weighting coefficient 2; f -the number of questions applicable which have a weighting coefficient 1.
The level of safety expresses the extent to which risks of accident and occupational disease are controlled for the objective under consideration. The security level (NS) shall be calculated with the relationship: The achieved score (PO) and the maximum score (PM) shall be determined with the following relationships: (6) The General Conformity Level (NCg) is given by the relationship (sheets A and B): where: POA and POB -are the scores for sheets A and B; PMA and PMB -are the maximum possible scores for sheets A and B. The General Conformity Level (NCg) is given by the relationship: The General Security Level (NSg) is given by the relationship: where: the PO and PM represent the scores obtained, respectively the maximum possible scores determined for the A and B sheets used in the assessment of the organization's management, as well as for the C and D sheets applied directly to the assessed objective.
Determination of the General Risk Level -the level of security is a synthetic conventional indicator, inversely proportional to the level of risk. Thus the level of risk of the work system analysed can be assessed according to the value of the security level based on a correlation which is shown in table 1.

Program for assessing conformity with legal and other provisions in force
At the level of the National Power Sector , through the national company responsible, it is established the program for assessing the conformity with legal and other provisions in force (auditing) [5,6,7] which is set out in table 2 below, and the assessments (audits) have to be carried out by the Internal Prevention and Protection Services (SIPP). National Power Sector Responsible National Company

Assessment of the organization's management
For the assessment of the management of the organization, sheets A and B are be used. The sheets completed following the collection of information by the assessing (audit) team are presented below.

Work load:
According to the operating regulations, the duties of the operational staff are as follows: -performing the handover-receiving operations of the work team; -supervision activity; -control activity; -the activity of executing the electric maneuvers.

Risk factors specific to the work load:
-psychic stress in the 400 kV and 220 kV power substations, when installing shortcircuits by hand. Performer: The following staff works in the power substation: -manager (s) of the power substations (electrical engineer); -shift leaders; -shift leaders aides. Risk factors specific to the performer: -wrong action: • incorrect identification of the installation and non-verification of the lack of voltage, when mounting the short-circuits; • failure to respect the neighbouring distances with risk of electric shock by direct contact; • not checking the lack of voltage before mounting the mobile shortcircuits. omissions: • omissions of operations during manoeuvres, with risk of burns caused by electric arc, when closing grounding knives or mounting the mobile short-circuits without checking the lack of voltage; • non-use and/or non-verification of the personal protective equipment provided and/or of the electrical insulating means and devices.

Work environment:
The operating staff carries out the activity in the control room at the external power substations of 400 kV and 220 kV, where the specific nature of the work assignment requires operation and control activities regardless of climatic conditions and as a result the main risk factor specific to the working environment is the air temperature by exposure to high or low temperatures during the performances of the work assignment.
Risk factors specific to the work environment: -physical risk factors: • exposure to adverse weather conditions (low/high temperatures, rain, snow, air currents) during installations' control. The legislation applicable to the assessed work system shall be composed of: -

The sheets used
The sheets used for the evaluation of the work of "operational personnel" are the following:      Table 11. Audit criteria, Indicators, Conformity / Security Level -Sheet C.14.

Conclusions
The paper approaches OHS measures by assessing the conformity with legal and other provisions (auditing) in force, for the purpose of checking the knowledge and conformity with the legal and other provisions in force at workplace level and for assessing the effectiveness of the OHS management system. The assessment (audit) carried out is part of the initial analysis preceding the development and implementation of an OHS management system with a view to supporting management decisions, and after implementation it is used as a tool to verify the operation of the management system in order to determine the decisions required for ensuring the continuous improvement of the system. The assessment of the conformity (audit) of the 400/220 kV power substation highlighted the following: -General conformity level for Sheet A (Employer's obligations) is 100%; -General conformity level for Sheet B (Personnel's rights and obligations) is 97,91%; -General conformity level for "Management" level, for sheets A and B, is 99,53%; -General conformity level for Sheet C (General requirements) is 100%; -General conformity level for Sheet D (Specific requirements) is 100%; -General conformity level for "Operational Personnel" level, for sheets C and D, is 100%; -General security level for Sheet A (Employer's obligations) is 100% -Risk level LOW; -General security level for Sheet B (Personnel's rights and obligations) is 96,96% -Risk level SMALL; -General security level for Sheet C (General requirements) is 100% -Risk level LOW; -General security level for Sheet D (Specific requirements) is 100% -Risk level LOW; -General security level for 400/220 kV Power Substation is 99,88% -General risk level LOW, table 21 (Security level / Risk level relationship). The 400/220 kV power substation is found to have a general conformity level between 99,53 % and 100 % and the general safety level is 99,88 %, corresponding to a low general risk level and no critical conformity points are identified, all the safety requirements being met.