Change of Traffic Parameters when Introduced Adaptive Method of Traffic Light Object Control

. The article is devoted to improving the quality of life in cities by implementing the concept of an "intelligent" city and developing an automated transport infrastructure. The following factors are considered in the work: the traffic intensity of vehicles and the mode of operation of traffic signal regulation. In work, the mode of operation of a traffic light is determined by an adaptive method. The main tool for increasing the capacity is the choice of the optimal ratio of phase coefficients and the optimal cycle time. Considered the influence of capacity on the parameters of road traffic, the environmental load from automobile transport. The dependence of the traffic parameters for different cycle times is established. A change in fuel consumption and in the content of harmful emissions for various traffic light modes is given. The justification is given for the necessity to change the traffic light mode after increasing the number of lanes in the street road network.


Introduction
transport allows imitating modeling and the creation of a transport model of the city and region (macro-level modeling) [1,3,4].
Comparison of options for the reconstruction of the road network and the selection of the most efficient of them is carried out by means of micro-level modelling [4,5]. Less common is the task of assessing the effectiveness of creating an automated traffic management system as a element of ITS. In total ITS influence not only on the traffic flow characteristics but also on safety [6,7,8,9,10].

Material and methods
Lisa+ software were obtained for this experiment. To create imitation transport model initial data obtained experimentally.

Experimental part. Determining the optimal cycle time
The purpose of the study is to create a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the creation of the ATMS at the decision-making stage.
A mathematical model in the general form of the influence of SRN parameters, distances between intersections, traffic intensity during the operation of traffic light objects in the "hard mode" on the parameters of traffic has been developed.
In general, the model has the form: where ts -waiting time, sec; t0 -average delay time for 1 vehicle, sec; k -correction factor; ∆φ -the magnitude of the time shift of traffic lights, sec; n -correction factor; Na -traffic intensity, Veh/h; l -correction factor; Lsp -space interval length, m; V -travel speed, km/h; V0 -average speed for 1 vehicle, km/h.

Collection of source data
In work, for example of crossing two main streets -st. 50 years of October and st. Profsoyuznaya (figure 1), is examined the issue of determining the optimal cycle time (CT). Experimentally, intensity was obtained for the morning peak hour (Figure 2), the mode of operation of the traffic light object ( Figure 3).    Table 1 shows the values of the parameters for current mode, as capacity, volume of traffic, loading level and phase coefficient. As the parameters values show, considered intersection is overload. The whole intersection do not cope with that volume of traffic level. This node of road network effect on the immediate intersections and has an important purpose because it's one of the four possibly ways to the other part of the city.

Experimental part
To create a simulation model, the Lisa+ software package is used.
The first step is creation fixed cycle time, according to current (cycle time = 160 sec) to understand the functioning of the automatic distribution of the phase coefficient (figure 4). Table 2 shows intersection loading level after optimization.  Also, the optimal cycle time was calculated, according to the criterion of minimizing the delay time, without limitations of the total cycle time. Traffic signalization is not coordinated, therefore the cycle time amounted to 243 seconds (figure 5). Table 3 shows intersection loading. The distribution of the phase coefficient to the required directions has a positive effect on the capacity and transport flow parameters.
The increase in capacity on the main street will allow to obtain a complex effect in several directions: • ecological (reduction of emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases of cars) [11,12]; • socio-economic (saving time, fuel consumption) [13]. The change in several environmental and socioeconomic parameters is shown in Table  4.   Adaptive control contributes to the increase of traffic flow rates, reduction of noise load and emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere of the city [14], allow to develop intelligent concept for providing priority to public transport [15].

Results
It is established that for the considered intersection at a cycle time of 160 seconds, the ratio of phase coefficients is not optimal. It was determined that the best traffic parameters are achieved with a cycle time of 243 seconds. Adaptive management allows to determine the optimal mode of traffic light traffic with the least time and labor costs.

Conclusion
The theoretical and experimental studies carried out by the authors established the influence of the length of the traffic regulation cycle on the capacity, traffic parameters, fuel consumption and the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This allowed us to formulate recommendations for choosing the optimal duration of the cycle and the ratio of the phase coefficients. Further research is expected to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the creation of the ATMS.
The introduction of the results of the research will allow to reduce fuel consumption, the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases, improve the traffic flow conditions.