Methods of optimization of motor transportation processes

A scientific approach to the methods of technical support, economic and organizational management, planning and control of the operation of cars often dictates the need to make a decision, not one at a time, but several efficiency measures. The article outlines the approach to the solution of multicriteria transportation problems based on the methods of regionalization according to the principle of observing the hierarchical correlation of probabilities of possible states of the external environment.


Introduction
Scientific approach to methods of technical providing, economic and organizational management, planning and control of processes of operation of cars quite often dictates need to make the decision not on one, and at once on several indicators of efficiency. Such tasks are multicriteria. Development of quantitative recommendations in multicriteria situations is connected with considerable difficulties which have objective character. However, level modern practical motor transportation (etc. the industries) tasks demands to make decisions in the conditions of a multicriteria. Moreover, one-criteria situations in most cases artificially receive from multicriteria.

Material and methods
In this regard development of the methods of vector optimization aimed at finding optimal or reasonable solutions multicriteria tasks [1][2][3][4][5][6] is intensively conducted now. In works [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] the campaign to the solution of multicriteria motor transportation tasks the cornerstone of which it is stated the division into districts method by the principle of observance of a hierarchical ratio of probabilities of possible conditions of the external environment is. Briefly we will give its basic provisions and an example with the set basic data. Briefly we will give its basic provisions and an example with the set basic data.
Any problem of optimization of the made decision is characterized by three basic concepts: set of possible decisions m; a set of types of a condition of the environment n and aij corresponding to them efficiency of decisions. The matrix of effectiveness of different actions at different conditions of the environment has an appearance: 11

Theory
We will give a matrix of basic data: We will formulate basic provisions of a method a division into districts method by the principle of observance of a hierarchical ratio of probabilities of possible conditions of the external environment [13][14][15]: • division into districts is made not by the principle of domination of separate actions, and by the principle of preservation of the set hierarchical ratio of possible conditions of the environment.
• upon transition from a multicriteria task to theory tasks of "games with the nature" probabilities of conditions of the nature (environment) of pj on sense are adequate to coefficients of relative importance of criteria cj, pj ≡cj. According to point 1, distribution of coefficients of relative importance of criteria of efficiency is subordinated to restrictions: Values of coefficients ci, aren't specified. However, most often, depending on character of an objective, there are bases for an arrangement of these coefficients in the sequence at which type conditions are satisfied The total quantity of the sequences of this kind for distributions of system is defined by the number of shifts of ! m P m = . At m=3 the field of distributions of coefficients of relative importance degenerates in a rectangular triangle with single legs. The division into districts method algorithm by the principle of observance of a hierarchical ratio of probabilities of possible conditions of the external environment for the choice of an optimal variant of the required decision is implemented as follows: -relative importance of indicators of cj, are arranged in the form of the sequence (3); -for each compared option i the problem of linear programming is solved:

Results
Analytical decision where the index k is defined from a condition.akj=max aij.

Discussion
Fundamental difference of the developed method is the lack of the formalized communication between coefficients of relative importance by separate criteria [16][17][18]. We will provide the graphic solution of an example at n=3 in comparison with a division into districts method by the principle of domination of separate actions. The field of distributions of coefficients of relative importance degenerates in a rectangular triangle with single legs (figure 1). Analyzing methods of division into districts it is easy to be convinced that the area of all possible decisions (at n=3) by each version of the decision is the plane, and crossing of the planes of efficiency according to each decision are projected in the line of demarcation of areas of domination of decisions in the field of distributions of coefficients of relative importance (figure 2). Feature of application of a method division into districts by the principle of preservation of the set hierarchical ratio of possible conditions of the external environment (the problem of linear programming is solved it is solved on max) is obtaining the decision at the maximum domination of the criterion established by a priority [3,19,20].
For the reviewed example the matrix of coefficients of relative importance takes a form.
0,5 0,5 0 1 0 0 0,5 0,5 0 We will note that in practice of activity of ATP depending on the nature of the performed works, a type of the transported load, etc., as a rule, there is not only an obligatory priority of several criteria, but also need to receive differentiable values of coefficients of relative importance on the set efficiency level. For example, when it is necessary to implement a number of actions at the same time, each of which is defined by a complex of own indicators and at the same time optimum distribution of resources (personnel, production capacities, finance, etc.) to their implementation is required. In this case it is required to receive more balanced values of coefficients of relative importance according to the purposes of the general strategy of the studied system. Then the decision [5] is transformed by introduction of value of extent of domination of criteria -λ.

Conclusion
This modernization of a method division into districts will allow to determine values of coefficients of relative importance of decisions in multicriteria tasks in compliance by the principle of preservation of the set hierarchical ratio of possible conditions of the nature by real operating conditions of the studied system.