Comprehensive description of the matter of land lease

The solution of land issues is one of the most important factors in the development and implementation of investment and construction projects. In this particular aspect, land lease issues are the least researched ones. Lease is considered as a tool to increase the efficiency of the use of federal lands in order to improve investment activity in the development of new territories. In this paper, the main aspects of the concept of lease are presented in a complex form. Also, basic algorithms for evaluating the market value of land are considered. One type of management mechanisms is specifically outlined a rental mechanism of land resources in state (federal and municipal) ownership, intended for the purposes of implementing innovative projects. The Irkutsk region covers an area of 767.9 thousand km (4.6% of the territory of Russia). Therefore, it occupies the sixth place in Russia [1 State report “On the state and protection of the environment in the Irkutsk region in 2016”. Irkutsk: Megaprint Ltd., 2017. 274 pp.]. As follows from the report [1], as of 01.01.2017, most of the territory of the Irkutsk region is occupied by the lands of the forest fund 89.48% (69,331.6 thousand hectares) of the total area of the region's land fund. The remaining six categories account for only 10.52%, of which: the share of the category of agricultural land is only 3.72% (2,883.9 thousand hectares), the land of settlements is 0.51% (398.6 thousand hectares), 0.75% of the land is occupied by industrial and other special purpose lands (577.3 thousand hectares), 0.64% are the reserve lands (499.5 thousand hectares), the share of lands of specially protected territories and objects is 2.00% (1,552.4 thousand hectares), and the land of the water fund is 2.89% (2,241.5 thousand hectares). Table 1 presents data on the distribution of the land fund of the Irkutsk region by land categories [1]. The solution of land issues is one of the most important factors for the development and implementation of investment and construction projects. In this aspect, the issue of land lease is the least studied one. Lease is considered as a tool to increase the efficiency of the use of federal lands in order to improve investment activity in the development of new territories. The proposed clarification allows a principal possibility of the invariability of the current management system provided that the parameters and boundaries of the competence of the relevant subjects of management can be adjusted. The main aspects of the concept of lease are presented in a complex form (Figure 2). Corresponding author: hololan@mail.ru © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). MATEC Web of Conferences 212, 09011 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821209011 ICRE 2018

The Irkutsk region covers an area of 767.9 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the territory of Russia).Therefore, it occupies the sixth place in Russia [1 State report "On the state and protection of the environment in the Irkutsk region in 2016".-Irkutsk: Megaprint Ltd., 2017.274 pp.].
As follows from the report [1], as of 01.01.2017, most of the territory of the Irkutsk region is occupied by the lands of the forest fund -89.48% (69,331.6 thousand hectares) of the total area of the region's land fund.The remaining six categories account for only 10.52%, of which: the share of the category of agricultural land is only 3.72% (2,883.9thousand hectares), the land of settlements is 0.51% (398.6 thousand hectares), 0.75% of the land is occupied by industrial and other special purpose lands (577.3 thousand hectares), 0.64% are the reserve lands (499.5 thousand hectares), the share of lands of specially protected territories and objects is 2.00% (1,552.4thousand hectares), and the land of the water fund is 2.89% (2,241.5 thousand hectares).Table 1 presents data on the distribution of the land fund of the Irkutsk region by land categories [1].
The solution of land issues is one of the most important factors for the development and implementation of investment and construction projects.In this aspect, the issue of land lease is the least studied one.Lease is considered as a tool to increase the efficiency of the use of federal lands in order to improve investment activity in the development of new territories.The proposed clarification allows a principal possibility of the invariability of the current management system provided that the parameters and boundaries of the competence of the relevant subjects of management can be adjusted.The main aspects of the concept of lease are presented in a complex form (Figure 2).
As for the content and form of lease relations, full accounting of all conditions of the lease transaction is a mandatory requirement for their practical implementation.Only in this case the efficient result can be achieved, that is, the equal profitability of the rent.In this connection, it can be argued that in the management aspect, it is advisable to adopt a factor rent model, as the content of the system characteristic of the lease.It is based on the evaluation of the market value of land.The basic evaluation algorithms are given below (Figure 1).
The content of the management impacts is to identify the composition, the relative importance and the nature of the relationship of these factors.
The main cost factors and characteristics of transactions with land plots are shown on the Figure 3.At the same time, in order to identify the importance of rent in the implementation of mechanisms for managing state property, object detailing is necessary.
It is carried out with the purpose of revealing specific features of realization of a particular kind of economic relations with reference not to the general set of objects of property, but to their certain kind, that is, to the land resources which are in the state ownership.As a result of object detailing, particular forms of lease relationships should be identified, specific only for the land resources involved in the construction process.
The final characteristic takes the following form (Figure 4).Based on the obtained structure, the administrative decomposition is carried out.On the Figure 5, a modification of the lease, in accordance with the previously justified logic of the analysis, is presented.It interprets possible hierarchical levels.In accordance with the fundamentals of the Russian state structure, the levels of the hierarchy of the economic system are adequate to the hierarchical levels of the system of power and administration.As for the object characteristics, they remain practically unchanged.In the decomposition scheme (management aspect), the subject vector is to be transformed.As previously defined by a specific type of economic relations, the essence of management, as applied to the land resource, is the application of management mechanisms implemented in the hierarchy of the management system at various levels.Based on the above, the options for the practical use of real estate will manifest themselves in the content of the subject vector.The main options are rent, purchase and sale, and operational management, as well as economic management.
Thus, one type of the management mechanisms that is the rental mechanism of the land resources in the state (federal and municipal) ownership intended for the purposes of implementing innovative projects is to be specifically outlined.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Main cost factors and characteristics of transactions with land plots.

Table 1 .
Distribution of the land fund of the Irkutsk region by land categories.