Ethanol of ajwa

Dates ajwa is a special fruit. One of the obvious advantages listed in the hadith of Rasulullah SAW. In addition, the glucose content is very high, thus potentially producing ethanol after fermentation. Selfexplanatory calendar searches as ethanol producers have not been reported, so they need to be explored. This study traces ethanol to fermented dates with hydrolysis and without hydrolysis. The results showed that the volume of ethanol produced by hydrolysis was larger, ie 15.5 mL/day, compared without hydrolysis, ie as much as 6.5 mL/day. In the flame test, the fermentation results with hydrolysis longer lit than without hydrolysis. The benefits of the study provide information that dates as well as rizki ajwa, also can produce intoxicating substances.


Introduction
Dates are one of the ten fruit species mentioned in the Qur'an [1].Ajwa is one type of dates (Phoenix dactylifera).This fruit is often called the Rosul date, because the tree is only in madinah and the person who first introduced is Prophet Muhammad SAW.The hadith of the Prophet SAW reveals the virtue of this fruit, that if consumed as much as 3 or 7 can ward off magic [2], and then in another hadith mentioned this fruit can serves as medicine [3].As Mallaping's research, et al., shows that the potential of dates can recover blood lactate, so that the dates can be used as an alternative food source for workers to increase their productivity through efficient recovery of fatigue [4].The same study was conducted by Sani, et al., indicating that dates can be used as dietary supplements and antimicrobial agents [5].In line with research Hamada et al., that Pits of date palm could be an excellent source of functional foods components with the exclusion of phytic acid [6].
In addition to these virtues, these fruits contain very high sugar, is glucose content 51.3 grams /100 grams and 48.5 grams/100 grams for the content of sucrose [7] and according Kamarudin et al., revealed that glucose contained about 20-70% in dry weight [8].
Meanwhile, the potential of date palms other than as a good food, can also intoxicating (QS Al Nahl 76).Potentially intoxicating suspected because of high glucose content.As research conducted by S. Awe and SN Nnadoze, which indicates that the palm fruit can be used as fruit wine with a good microbiological standart [9].In line with other research performed by Bhusari, et al., which showed that the palm fruit can be used as a wine with a good microbiological standart [10].
Potential dates browsing as an intoxicating substance has not been widely reported, on the basis of this, it is worth exploring the potential of ajwa dates to produce intoxicating substances.

Qualitative Analysis of Sugar Content at
Ajwa Dates

Ajwa Dates Hydrolysis
Dates that have been separated seeds cut then dried in the heat sun and oven.Then ground to a certain size.Dried dried fruit weighed 25 grams and then put into 250 ml Erlenmeyer.Into Erlenmeyer added 50 ml H2SO4 1% and erlenmeyer sealed with cork and then heated at 121ºC for 30 minutes.Separated water phase was then added 100 ml of 4% NaOH and closed tightly and reheated at 121ºC for 30 minutes.The solid phase was washed with water several times.

Fermentation Process
The hydrolyzed date palm fruit juice is added with 4 grams of Saccaromyces Cerevisiae and stirred at 150 rpm until homogeneous.After that Erlemeyer 250 ml containing the date palm is connected to a rubber hose and the end of the hose is inserted into the water to avoid direct contact with air.Furthermore the solution is fermented for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days (according to treatment).The solution is separated by a date slurry so that the alcohol and water liquor are obtained.https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819705001AASEC 2018

Purification of Ethanol (Distillation)
The obtained ethanol is purified by distillation.The fermented liquid is fed into the distillation flask and then heated to a temperature of 80 ºC.The distillation process is carried out for 1.5 -2 hours until ethanol does not drip again.The distilled ethanol is measured.

Result and Discussion
Date palms contain very high sugar, is glucose content 51.3 gram/100 gram and 48.5 gram/100 gram for the content of sucrose [11].The presence of sugar content on ajwa dates is evidenced by the positive results of the Molisch, Barfoed and Benedict tests shown in Table 1.Sugar content in high dates is a potential raw material for ethanol production [12].Bioethanol is produced from sugar which is the result of fermentation activity of yeast cells.A good yeast used to produce an bioethanol is from the genus Saccharomyces.Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces zimase and invertase enzymes.Zimase enzyme serves as the breaking of sucrose into monosaccharides (glucose and fructose).The invertase enzyme further converts glucose to an bioethanol [13].Sugar content of 10 -18% in the fermentation medium generally produces a lot of ethanol.
The qualitative test of ethanol content on fermented dates is evidenced by positive results on flame test, due to the flammability of ethanol.
Additionally, ethanol from fermented palm ajwa analyzed by GC-MS.The GC-MS spectra in Figure 1 shows that the sample of the experimental results has two peaks.It shows that the first distillation product on the bioethanol is not 100% pure ethanol.At the time of retention 1,365 there is the first peak which indicates the presence of ethanol.While at retention time of 1.581 there is a second peak indicating the presence of chloroform compound.To find out what compounds are present in the sample, it can be known from the GC-MS libraries presented in Figures 2 and 3.   Ethanol produced from the fermentation of the ajwa dates is indicated in Table 2.  1 shows that the highest bioethanol volume get on the fermentation time of 5 days.Time fermentation has an effect on which bioethanol yields are getting longer fermentation time then the bioethanol will increase.However, when fermentation is too long then the nutrients in the substrate will be exhausted and yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae can no longer ferment the ingredients.
In addition, the amount of ethanol produced by hydrolysis is more that 15.5 mL/day compared with without hydrolysis ie 6.5 mL/day.This is because the process of hydrolysis or called saccharification can break down complex carbohydrates (like sugar, cellulose and hemisolulose into sugar monomers) into simpler components.Therefore, at the time of the fermentation process, the yeast used will directly degrade the glucose of the hydrolysis result so that the fermentation process runs optimally to produce more ethanol.

Conclusion
Dates have the potential to produce ethanol as evidenced by flame tests and GC-MS test results.The ethanol volume resulting from the fermentation of ajwa dates with hydrolysis was higher at 15.5 mL/day, compared with no hydrolysis ie 6.5 mL/day.

2. 1 . 4
Analysis of Bioethanol Dates a. Qualitative The purified bioethanol is introduced into 5 ml porcelain cup then in flame test.b.Quantitative Bioethanol was measured with GC-MS to determine the resulting ethanol content.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. The ethanol spectrum of the GC-MS Instrument Library.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3.The chloroform spectrum of the GC-MS Instrument Library.Based on the chromatogram of Figure. 2 it can be ascertained that the sample of the experimental results contained a bioethanol compound.This is evidenced by the ethanol relative molecular formula (C2H5OH) is 46 as shown in the spectrum.Ethanol produced from the fermentation of the ajwa dates is indicated in Table2.

Table 1 .
Qualitative Test of Sugar Content.

Table 2 .
The volume of ethanol produced by day.