Micro-culture and Macro-culture in urban housing architecture

In the era of information society, the development of urban housing architecture in the world has always associated with the tendency of cultural progress, localizing international architecture in parallel with internationalization of indigenous architecture, while still having a mixture of characteristics of oriental lifestyle with western lifestyle, and vice versa. The study allows determination of the form characteristics, and the mode of functional space organization of urban housing architecture corresponds to the two cultural types: Micro-culture of the East and Macro-culture of the West. This study forms the basis for preserving and recognizing the traditional essence of housing space between two relatively opposite cultures that exist throughout human history, especially in “flat world” conditions of postmodernity of the second half of the 20th and the 21th century.


Introduction
In the field of urban housing architecture, micro-culture and macro-culture still has not been studied as a system in order to distinguish the characteristics of living cultural organization between the East and the West. Although in terms of sociology and culturology, there has been more advance study of the differences in oriental and western lifestyles.
Research objects: characteristics of the form and method of organizing urban spaces in accordance with Eastern micro-culture and Western macro-cultural.
Research methods: analysis -comparative and dialectic of research results in the field of culture and urban housing theory (tendencies, schools, paradigms of social knowledge in housing architecture) to identify the characteristics of micro-macro culture in urban housing conditions.
Research targets: 1) determine the factors that originated the differences between microculture and macro-culture; 2) distinguish between synthetic thinking and analytic thinking in urban housing architecture; 3) identify schools and theories of housing architecture in the world conforming to micro-culture and macro-culture; 4) establish characteristics system of housing architecture that corresponding to Eastern culture and Western culture.
The concepts of Eastern and Western initiated by Europeans. "the West" is the European region where they reside (the North-Western region of the former Eurasia continent); the vast South-East region they have not known, including all of Asia and extending to Africa, are

Literature review
Micro-culture and macro-culture with urban housing architecture are considered based on the results of theoretical studies of culture in general and the main trends/schools in housing architecture in particular in the industrial stage (the last half of the 18 th century to the second half of the 20 th century) and the postindustrial period (the last half of the 20th century up to now) are presented in the following table (Table 1). Architectural and planning values: 1) low degree of accessibility (irregular layout); 2) transparency (pedestrian and visual permeability); 3) autonomy of residential clusters and units; 4) boundaries of responsibility; 5) intensity and rational use of territory (honeycomb structure, monolithicporous building structure, structure of hierarchical order); 6) variety of visual scenarios; 7) fractality of planning structure ◙ ◙ Architecturalartistic object as field Space-time "field" ◙ ◙ Artistic "field" of integration ◙ • Personal-individual "field" ◙ Fedchen-ko I.G. [8], 2016 Principles of formation of residential planning units 1) accessibility of the material and spatial environment of the microdistrict; 2) spatial, socio-economic and virtual mobility; 3) interaction of professional, social civic groups;4) informational-opening policy of planning • • 5) differentiation; 6) identification of the material-object and socio-cultural environment of residence; 7) landscape-ecological worldview ◙ 8) multi-functionality; 9) adaptability ◙ Ikonni-kovA.V. [9], 2002 Antiarchitecture (de architecture) The form of housing architecture serves for decoration or advertising by any method and material to attract visual attention (the form always is changedby context) → Antiarchitecture as "Other architecture" ◙ • Kiyanen-koK.V. [10], 2005 Paradigms of social knowledge inhousing architecture Functional paradigm 1) machine-housing for living;2)functionalspatial system;3) place for activity;4) planning normals;5) functional typology;6) standard design; 7)order and hierarchy of functional space;8) social housing ◙ Interaction paradigm 1) integration -segregation; 2) structure of space "closedness -openness", "community -◙ ◙

Materials and methods
Boundary of micro-culture and macro-culture territories as follows (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.
Boundary of micro-culture and macro-culture territories.
Oriental culture (including Vietnamese) originates from short -term seasonal paddy agriculture foundation which is static and permanent.
As the external environment is a continuous cycle, the ability to cope with the influences of the Easterners is relatively mobile and flexible. However, the cyclicality of external influences has almost unchanged for many thousand years of history that has degraded the dynamic mind and active think (intellectual development) of Easterners, making them almost live up to the habitual reaction and customized habits.They don't like the change and highly appreciate the importance of settlement, security, long-term stability. On the other hand, they are very easy to change themselves to adapt to the environment immediately. These attributes create many advantages of cultural lifestyle: harmonization, maintenance, preservation and high self-defense. This includes the short-term adaptive capacity (tactical feature) as well as the ability to react immediately to the environment is relatively fast, effective and timely. It is very easy to change itself for temporary response that has formed the character of acceptability in order to fit in with the external influences of Eastern culture.
This adaptation (rather than development) of settled agriculture has contributed to the establishment of a traditional specific Eastern culture -the "substructure" (or micro-structure) which is present in all areas of socio-natural interaction. Large, complex social and natural structures or systems are difficult to absorb (not to mention higher levels of consumption), because they are almost unsuited to the dynamic adaptation particulars as well as the ready acceptability, easy changing of oriental lifestyles.
In addition, the self-regulating capacity of the traditional smallholder economy, when an individual agricultural unit (household economy) can self-sustain through the closed production process of the "garden -pond -barn" also contribute to the "micro-structure" in socio-cultural interaction. Thanks to the form of sub-agricultural production that can supply itself with the most basic requirements for long-term viable survival, has established a strong supportive system, and based on which the inhabitants of traditional oriental agriculture have almost no need to develop into more complex economic production systems of the form of "great structure" (or macro-structure). The typical examples of "substructures" in traditional oriental agricultural societies can be mentioned as: 1) sub-urban culture in traditional craft villages and cities; 2) sub-commercial system (or economic culture of small retailers along roads, pavements); 3) the "sub-natural" system of housing architecture, such as: small landscape art, decorative water surface in housing yard, small lotus pond, aquarium, closed united socio-economic space "yard -garden -pond/ lake" on a small scale in the traditional rural house.
One more the specific features of traditional Eastern culture is the ability to think in terms of aggregation/ synthetic -the way of life is greatly influenced by the combination of multi forms of versatile agricultural production of settled agricultural residents. A traditional unit of agricultural economics (individual and household) can simultaneously undertake various functions (works) at the same time: 1) small farmers (it should be emphasized that small farmers are small agri-multi component and versatile, not single-component, including: fruit trees, growing vegetables, farming, raising fish, raising cattle); 2) small traders (most of whom trade in agricultural products) and 3) handicrafts (agricultural produce, pottery, weaving, tanning, etc.).
Moreover, the "innate" capacity for aggregate thinking is also a product of Eastern culture. Because the culture itself is almost not a monotonous nature, it belongs to the multicultural combination of cultures (cultural diversity) through the regularly cultural exchange process between regions. To put it more precisely, with a specific characteristic that is easily receptive, quick to change just to adapt in a conventional "instinct" manner so traditional oriental farmers can reconcile any other traditional system that is thought to be appropriate for the needs of leisurely "career" instincts (again emphasize the "instinct"!) and simple living demands. It is this multifaceted, multifunctional thinking style of the Orient that creates the basis for the activation of the traditional way of organizing space as follows: varied functions in the same space of uniform use.In the case of necessary to expand area of housing use in order to satisfy the continuous increasing in the quantity of members of agricultural production, traditional agricultural residents often choose two solutions: 1) build and add new small living space units next to main house (additional outhouses) in the form of linking small structures in a large multi-group of housing space (the interactive way of medium and high income agricultural households). This is also an expression of the cultural characteristics of the "substructure" ("small dispersed culture") in spatial organization of Eastern tradition; 2) dynamically divide the available spaces into a unified integrated multifunctional mobile space in the form of movable multifunctional partitions in one space (the interactive way of low income agricultural households).
Nearly the opposite of the temperate paddy culture, Western culture derives from dry nomadic agriculture that is dynamic and moving, prone to repressive power and tyranny.
If the agricultural culture of wet rice farming is very important in the number of manpower for agricultural production, then the dry agricultural culture (nomadic farming and wheat agriculture) places more emphasis on the real role/ ability of manpower -individual. To put it succinctly, the nomadic culture is characterized by the keyword "quality" while agricultural culture settles on the keyword "quantity".
This kind of "respecting the strength" culture (or main -minor culture) promotes the ability of individual "I", asserting personal power in the community so that the social interactions of nomadic farming populations often carry high character, difficult to change itself, difficult to accept. Therefore, the capacity to cope with changes in the external context of the nomadic population is also relatively slow, not as flexible as that of agricultural dwellers settling in paddy fields. This is also the main reason for constituting the way of socio-natural interaction of Westerners, that they focus more on strategy, long-term problems in order to change external conditions (because it is difficult to modify themselves), as well as through large/ great and grandiose forms for expressing the ability to "impose and change everything". For example: large architectural ensembles in ancient capitals and the castles with the majestic dimensions of space of Europe.
This long-standing strategic culture has contributed to the developing character-centered attitude toward outdoor character analysis (aimed at changing the external environment to establish and improve self-empowerment and self-control) of the original nomadic population. This behavior plays a role as the catalyst factor in forming the traditional way of organizing traditional space of dry agricultural inhabitants: the tendency to analyze the origin of spatial function and divide specialized functional space components in housing. For example, "fixed-functional separate multiroom" housing model has two yards "Peristyle + Atrium" (Pompey, 1st century BC). Significantly, this type of housing is also a concrete manifestation of the thinking of emphasizing form's expression, the "great form" and "macro-, great structuralization". If the house of paddy farmers always tends to disperse small space components (in the form of multi space partition) or establish multi-functional synthesis (mixed-use structures) in one space, then the housing of Western nomadic residents is more logically organized as a unified ensemble of specialized functional separate spaces (combining specialized spaces/ rooms into a unified multi-functional complex).
It is no coincidence that almost every architectural system/ movement specialized in function or expression of architectural sciences originates in Europe (such as the trend -"Functionalism" of the 20th century, the classic column system of Greece, Rome, the architectural style of Gothic grandiose decoration, etc.). Because formality and functional specialization (similar to the capacity to divide power and strengh) are attributes of the social instinct (instinctive power), which exist as original code are available in the cultural characteristics of nomadic inhabitants.
The tradition of highly appreciating the value of "personal quality" (individualism) of nomadic people -dry agriculture is also seen as a major catalyst in forming the habit of distinguishing "primarysecondary" (main -minor, main -sub) and distinctiveness (the "itself must be exceptional") of the West. On the contrary, the forte for "personal quantity" (collectivism) of rural paddy farmers creates a source of impetus that forms the characteristic "harmony" of the oriental identity. The space of the housing architecture in particular and the architecture in general are thus also distinguished into two different viewpoint "schools" of forming and organizing space: the West is inclined to the separation of "main or minor space" or specific spaces (affirming distinctive values or individual symbols), and the Orient often follows the establishing "types of harmonic space" (polysemy of function and harmony of "all in one").
Importantly, in essence, Western culture can be considered in the "Macro-structure" or Macro-oriented cultural model, through typical systems such as the macro-culture of commerce -service. The culture of "macro commerce" (economic culture of a large scale and structure) appeared very early in the ancient European cities, and many of them belonged to the large family's economic model -clan's economic system (production of silk, ceramics, olive oil, agriculture -seafood, salt trade, jewels, pawns, banks, etc.). Later capitalist economic models also derive from these "great structures" economic forms. This is one of the most specific expression of the culture of "individual strength" and the regularity of reinforcing the private power of western nomadic residents. For example, settled agricultural inhabitants are inclined to "sub-natural" in architecture, dry nomadic populations follow the tendency of establishing large ensembles of natural elements or "artificial nature" in architecture. Thus, the most important distinctions between Western-style traditional cultural interaction (featured by power) and traditional Eastern culture (featured by harmony) are in the four-dimensional reference coordinate system as follows.
 first dimension (X axis) -worldview thinking "axis". If Western thinking is specialized (analytical) and monotonic/ monofunction in style 1 = 0.5 + 0.5, or 1 = 0.1 + 0.9, ... (ie focus on deep analysis of the original nature of number "1" in order to understand purpose of number "1" and control him), and A = A (specific A and A can only be A),then the Orient pronzes to synthetic and multifunction in style 0.5 + 0.5= 1, or 0.1 + 0.9 = 1, ... (synthesized to form number "1"and not necessary to understand nature of number "1"), and A = A'; A"; A1; A2; ... (A multi-function and A has many variations);  second dimension (Y axis) -"axis" of method of socio-natural interaction. If the West pronzes to the question "Why?" in almost every socio-natural interaction for modifying or denying (unaccepting) the influence of the external environment, then the East pronzes to "acceptance"("no question") to be consistent with the impact of external environmental factors without necessarily understanding the nature or rules or understanding of how the external environment acts in style "By the mandate of heaven" or "Right place (follows nature), right time and right person";  third dimension (Z axis)-"axis"of the structural characteristics of original cultural system. If the Western cultural structure characterized by "self control of each thing" cares about rules,order, logic and absolutism, then the Orient is in favor of the manner of "transformation of everything" caring about incidental, romantic, metabolism and relativism;  fourth dimension (T axis) -"axis" of consequent reaction in process of cultural interaction. Process absolutism of the West generates relative and exceptional effects in the form of active democratism (it means that, every thing can be changed in necessary conditions).In other words, active Democratism = Absolutism + its opposing reactive effects (Relativism and Exceptionalism).Similarly, for the East: passiveNonlinear = Relativism + its "impulsive" reactive effects (Modularization+ Copy (mimicry)).Thus, active Democratism and passive Nonlinear can be correspondingly considered as the main fundamentalfeatures of Western and Orientalcultures in general and housing architectures in particular.
This traditional "constant entity" or "original code" creates opposite distinction in most traditional cultural and social systems between the East and the West, not just in the past of the traditional agricultural society era but also throughout the later industrial and postindustrial social epochs. Table 2. The difference between the "substructure" architectural culture (micro-culture) and "great structure" architectural culture (macro-culture).
Micro-culture ("substructure"/ "micro-structure" culture) Macro-culture ("great structure"/ "macro-structure" culture) Main culture characteristics Synthetic multi-function, multi-variant pronzes to small system and structure(type: The typical interested problems: fast -slow, many -few "Transformation of everything": metabolism, incidental, saltation, disorder "Self control of each thing": self-regulation, selfoperation, imposition, rule The traditional way of socio-naturalinteraction Relativism as primary feature of socio-natural interaction Modularizationand Copy as secondary features Absolutism as primary feature of socio-natural interaction Relativism and Exceptionalism as secondary features Prone to static, placidity and tactics Prone to dynamic, strength and strategy Caring about storage and stablization The tendency to change, to develop creatively Trend fits with nature Trend improves and changes nature Prone to community and ambiguity Prone to individual and boundary Hiding and sensitivity Expression and rationality "One for all" (one starting from reference system -"origin-all") style "All for one" (all starting from reference system -"origin-one") style Passive in mind but the ability to deal with mobility and flexibility before external changes Active in mind but the ability to deal with slowly before external changes Easy to be changed, easy to receive Difficult to change, difficult to receive Prone to past (traditional) and present values Prone to present and future values Theory is not necessarily compatible with facts Theories and facts must be compatible Traditional expressing the form and organization of architectural space Sub-form: prone to small form and size. The rate of housing architecture harmonizes with human Great form: prone to large, massive form and size. The rate of unbalance (separation, segregation) is high Proning to synthesis and combining of spatial functions (or mobility in spatial organization): the spatial housing structure is often multifunction in one space and dynamically transformingfunctional spaces to simultaneously serve multiple needs Proning to analysis of the origin of spatial functions (or fixedness in spatial organization): focus on the specialized division of functions of spatial components in housing to meet the specialized demand/ needs of livers Versatile characteristics, synthesis of multi space partition in a space → Set up space in the direction of adaptive mobility and maximum flexibility to the external environment: focus on the use of protection elements and movable partitions on the basis of dynamic, compact, flexibility Monotonic characteristics, specializedfixedfunctional spaces in unified complex → Set up living space in a way that is separated from the external environment or to modify the environment in order to increase the comfort level of microclimate: prone to fixedpositioning or regulating specialized function of components and elements for protecting the housing space Space "harmony":  a space that harmonizes as many different functions as possible;  a space may be specialized functional but does not focus on importance of any usable space.
"Mainsub" space and unique -specialized space:  main space: individual comfort space which expresses and affirms "I" individual; subspace: remaining spaces, including common community space;  unique -specialized space: space for individual "I" with unique creativity, characterizes by the "I" way of living that this individual is not repeated in other "I" individual. The typical traditional socio-natural interaction systems in housing architecture "Open architecture" culture: prone to maximum direct communication (integration) between housing and the external environment.
The "closed architecture" culture: prone to maximum isolation(segregation) of housing with the external environment.
Suburban culture and Sub-commercialservice culture in the living environment.
The great urban culture and Great commercialservice culture in the living environment Culture "Sub-nature" in architecture.
Culture "great natural-artificial massif and great natural massif" in architecture. Organization of micro-architecture: housing as 1) a dispersal of multi-functional components or 2) a synthesis of multi space partition in one space Organization of macro-architecture: housing as a large specialized multi-functional complex/ ensemble (a large-scale complex) Thus, the architectural characteristics of housing correspond to the two world views: the "synthetic thinking" of theEast and the "analytic thinking"of the West as follows (Table3). Organizing functional spaces and forms in the direction of isolating each element into a separativefunctional unit and grouping it into a large system (the logical alliance of many big single uniform elements) Ignoring the complex interactive relationship between functional spatial components and architectural forms → housing as a sensitivefunctional entity Specializing in distinguishing the nature of interaction/linkage between spatial elements and forms → housing as a mechanical logical functional apparatus Specializes in quantity of spacesections and details culture), like a style of "only "it" in the conditions of "itself"" The spatial organization diagram is defined by nonlinear transient targets for a particular type of object use (functional diagram A can be transformed into B) → the strengths on the "non-linear" in housing architecture, might have "unexpected changes!" Functional diagram is programmed in a long term linear logic for a type of housing object (functional diagram A can only be changed to A') → the strengths on the linearity in housing architecture, based on pre-setting rules and determining future development High competence in imitating -copying architectural components of different cultures Tendency to maintain and set up original genuineness (voluntarism) in expression of architectural form and organization of architectural space Quality and value of living space are assessed by collective viewpoint (objectivity) Quality and value of living spaces are determined by individual (subjectivity) It is possible to vary in size, but housing with similar structure for all social groups(characteristic "similar" in lifestyle of consumers) Differentiating the level of comfort and quality of housing for each definite user/ social group (characteristic "specialization and hierarchy" in lifestyle of consumers) Culture of acceptance: related to combination,symbiosis, interaction, merge, similar, homogenization in using spatial housing Culture of consumption: related to aesthetic needs, needs for comfort and quality, rank, eliminating, new creation, market, forecast, hypothesis in housing establishment Table 4. Dual micro-macro culture of housing architectural systems have emerged largely in the postindustrial society era of the "global information dissemination" era (after the 1980s century XX).
Housing in the era of agricultural societies, industrial societies and postindustrial (before the 1980s of century XX) Housing architecture of micro-culture (example) Housing architecture of macro-culture (example)  Folk architecture (non-professional architecture, "architecture" without architects): using experiences of setting up residential spaces in order to fully adapt to the external environment.  Bioclimatic architecture (initiated separately under the concept of "Bioclimatic regionalism" in the 1960s, century XX) : architectural tendency to adapt to the changing cycles of nature-climate (adaptive architecture, flexible with the environment). Bioclimatic architecture considers housing architecture as a process (rather than a final result): Climate → Biology → Technique → Architecture→ Users.
 Constructivism: architecture places heavy emphasis on expressing the capacities and strength of the structural system.  Need-based architecture: appears and exists throughout the history of housing architecture, (however, on the academic side, this theory originates from the 1960s. century XX to the present), associated with the re-establishment of European "social consumption" models/ culture. For example: social housing architecture, commercial housing architecture. Housing at the universal information stage of the information society era (post-industrial, after the 1980s of century XX) Housing architecture of dual micro-macro culture (example)  Bio-tech architecture: combining bio-climatic and high technological approaches to adapt to the environment ("sub-structural"), as well as changing and transforming impacts of external conditions on housing ("great -structural").  Micro-macro multi-functional architecture, means multifunctional in all time limits and in all level (or all structures) of living space: the multifunctional "residential", "resting", "working" rooms → multifunctional residential units (apartments, single houses) → residential house in the form of unified multi-functional complex → multifunctional eco-city → multifunctional urban area, ... The micro-macro multifunctional architecture deals with two main essential problems as follows: 1) adapting at maxmium level to the actual instant needs of the user ("sub-structural"); 2) meeting the demands of further fluctuation or development in the future of the user ("greatstructural").  The Neo-regionalism architecture (initiated separately, not yet set up as a unified theory system): architecture flow incorporates traditional architecture theory ("sub-structure") with advantages from the different schools of architecture (establishing the "new" in the spirit of "great structure") to create a mix "internationallocal" living environment.  Residential house as object of game of senses: using different methods and materials for form expression and space organization to serve the needs of emotion (ie architecture follows emotion. Emotion changes with the time and circumstances. Emotion is determined by the senses). Senses = continuum (sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing, extrasensory perception, …).In other words,"Game of senses" can be considered as the consequence of the Image setting process,Contextualism and Anti-architecture (de architecture, other architecture) in urban housing.  Housing architecture with equitable compatibility of all: 1) balance between outside -inside, all -one, collective -individual, opening -closing, dynamic -static, organic -inorganic, immaterial (spirital) -material, …; 2) interaction between opposing space entities/ objects and different ideologies/ worldviews in establishing housing.  Residential house as multicultural entity (multi-style, multi-school) in form expression and space organization.  Democratic housing: activating urban residents and their insvolvement in solving their own housing problems.  Core housing: the form of housing etablishing process, when the "core" of the building (supporting frame, ladders, engineering networks) is built by professionals, and the rest is completed by the inhabitants themselves of the house.  Housing as metabolic autonomy in the form ofself-regulated, self-renewing and selftransformational organism. Table 5. The identification of housing architecture doctrines in the world corresponding to the microculture and macro-culture together with the results of analyzing the difference between the form of Synthetic thinking and Analytic thinking in the urban housing architecture allows establishing housing architecture system in accordance with micro-culture and macro-culture as follows.

Results
The housing architecture system that corresponds to the micro-culture The housing architecture system that corresponds to the macro-culture The features of the functional space arrangement thinking and the architectural forms Inclining to adapt to indigenous culture and culture "community common lifestyle" (collectivism): exploiting the local iconic andlocal symbols in the architecture of housing Inclining to adapt to the "individual lifestyle" (individualism) culture: exploiting all elements and ways of organizing any architectural space that best fits the individual lifestyle Flexible adaptation and maximum interaction with natural-climate conditions Improve microclimate by technique-technology The tendency to establish architectural space in order to adapt to users' short-term needs (tactical) The tendency to set up architectural space to meet the long-term use needs -requirements (strategic) → The architecture thinking that flexibly based on flexibly adapting to external social context: the living demand-requirement arise first, leading architecture change later (the passive architecture creative thinking-tactic) Typical example. Housing architecture model in Vietnamese tradition. Demandrequirements of people in advance development shall lead to the change of organization of space that follows. For example, if the number of household members increases, it will result in more sleeping arrangements in the direction of combining these functions with other spaces in one multifunctional space or building auxiliary houses → The thinking of constantly improving and updating the exterior conditions: architecture produces needs -requirements, that means orientation architecture "goes ahead" the living needs -requirements (the active architecture creative thinking -strategy) Typical example. The "marketing" model in housing architecture (maketing -advertising in advance of real estate products) originates from the architecture of the European housing market. The resulting housing product does not necessarily have to go through a pre-requisition of the user's needs, but in the "development prediction" direction of creating new amenities/ comfort levels and then orienting the user's habit in new living spaces Capacity to highly adapt and integrate different cultures in architectural thinking → It is possible to combine indigenous elements with exotic architectural elements in a unified whole in order to receive, get acquainted and move forward together For example. Neo-regionalism ofhousing architecture in Vietnam, Brazil, ...
The "new" cultural creativity capacity is high in architectural thinking →It is possible to communicate with foreign elements, but in a way that separates exotic systems from the original system into different professional doctrinal categories to compare, analyze and then learn about to upgrade to the new systems For example. The Chicago school of sociology in architecture: separating urban spatial regions for different social groups (a model of partitioning homonymous habitat for ethnic groups, economic group, different socio-professional groups) Highly appreciate the "spiritual culture" aspect of culture→ Inclining to immaterial culture preservation. Appreciate the importance of "place spirit" and "indigenous" of living environment Promote the "civilization" (material culture) aspect of culture → Inclining to develop material culture. Do not put much emphasis on the location of the place of residence, only focus on the individual comfort of living environment Housing architecture folows past and present needs/ values (traditional) Housing architecture folows present and future needs/ values (upgrade) Housing meets actual instant needs of the user Housing is to respond to the demands of further fluctuation or development in the future of the user Flexible space structure can be changed anytime, anywhere, in order to adapt to changing needs of people and outside the environment Spatial structure inclines to immutable immobilization in the form of "predetermined function" for each purpose or user Multifunctional collectiveness in a unified space Apply special-purpose fixed functions for spatial components in all space levels in theform of major-additional monotonic/ great -sub monofunctional orientation Small architectural forms, in harmony with nature, not as opposed to nature in the style of "Heaven-Earth-Human" is one ("compatibility of three elements") or harmony "Yin-Yang" ("compatibility of two elements") in a unity The architecture of monumental and magnificent forms for "expressing power", in opposition to nature, separates the "nature-land" (natural) and the "human" into two different distinct entities Architecture of "Fragmented-multifunctional entities in a synthetic space" → Micro-fragmented multifunction -"All in one" Architecture of "A united complex of specializedfunctional separative components with large scale" → Macro-complex monofunction -"All for one" Put an emphasison architectural space components or decorativeitems/ accessories that have high symbolic metaphorical and symbolic spiritual meaning Put much emphasis on architectural space components or decorative items/ accessories which are likely to increase the level of individualmaterial comfort in the residential houses Prone to small architectural -artistic decorative details and relativelyfunctional operating details Prone to big overall layout of architectural-artistic objects and large logical functional operating program Table 6. Regularities of architectural shaping in micro-, macro-and dual micro-macro culture (mesoculture) as follows.
Micro-culture Macro-culture Meso-cultureof urban housing Principle of mobilitytransformation:metabolism of every housing space Principle of differentiation and specialization of space function: specific appellation and purpose of each housing space  Principle of metabolic autonomy  Principle of removal -addition (Mini -max principle): attainment of maximum efficiency of spatial elements by replacing different functional spaces in the same total area of housing in general Principle of direction: spatial orientation in order to maximize the use of favorable factors or protect housing from sources of unfavorable factors Principle of hierarchy: discipline, main -minor, greatsub, before -after, lower -higher, major -additional, … Principle of unchangeabilityhousing as structure of organism: 1) technical -structural elements as skeleton (fixed); 2) communicative space elements as blood vessels Principle of "field of comfort level": varied quality for different customers as major factor in establishing housing  Principle of "field of varied impulse"("field of impulsive way of life"): infinitely developmental multi-personal lifestyle of "Flat world" as prerequisite in establishing housing  Principle "architectural-artistic object as field" Principle of interactionism of thingsin-themselves:house as interactional entity of housing's meaning-in-itself and user's cognition-in-itself Principle of traditionalization:symbolization, sensitivity, copy, similar, common ideologies of community, integration, past and present, spiritual meaning, heredity, lifestyle of family and community, local typology, local material and method Principle of professionalism: rationality, logic, precision, specialization, school, level, segregation, rule, condition, role, function, meaning,system, structure,paradigm, model, program, principle, legitimacy, regularity, trend Principle of democratization.Housing organization is based on: justness in accordance with the inherent nature of all objects and subjects, behavior/ personality/ individualityin structure of living space,clear division, common utilities of individual and community, complicity in solving housing problems by habitants themselves, freedom by rules, selfcontrol, self-service, lifestyle of subjects/ users From the tables (1-6), it is possible to determine the appearance frequencies of Microculture and Macro -culture that corresponds to the paradigms of social knowledge in urban housing architecture as follows (Fig. 2).

Discussion
Micro-culture or "sub-structure"(micro-structure) culture can be considered as one of the orthodox traditional cultural stereotypes of the East. However, in the process of East-West cultural interaction and inland between different cultures in the postmodern period, Oriental culture is introduced by some features of the "great structure" (macro-structure) aiming at adapting or developing integration. As the reception of "great-structure" culture originates from the outside so it can be considered to be the type of non-formal interaction of Oriental culture.
The sub-structure and great-structure, as well as micro-culture and macro-culture, are two opposite states of the human being and original socio-natural system. The future development trends of urban housing architecture in the world depend largely on the interplay between these two cultural universes. If too inclining to micro-structure and micro process, architecture is generally difficult to develop into high levels of complicated,systemic, or revolutionary rationality. However, if too much emphasis is put on the macro-structure or macro process, then the level of skill of subtlety,finesse and agilityas well as the maneuverability in order to adapt stably to the modes of architectural interactions is reduced.
Great revolutionary architectural tendencies of Western architectural science throughout the twentieth century to transform the face of human civilization haved contributed significantly to the search for and the establishment of new forms of living space. For example: the Functionalism of 1920s, the High technical architecture of 1960s etc. However, these architectural revolutions were quickly abolished and replaced by new trends, or combined with different approachs in the form of new schools. The reason: almost all of these architectural revolutions or tendencies, in essence, are inadequate to meet social needsrequirements and the internal constantly changing bio-physiological demands (belonging to substructural characteristics) of the users/ residents in particular and any overall society in general.It is therefore not accidental that, from the 1980s of centure XX to the present (of the postindustrial society era), Western architectural science,objectively, has begun to shift to incorporating the microadapting mobility of "micro-structure" in the overall "great-structure"