Congestion cost analysis of Condongcatur signalized intersection Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta using PTV. Vissim 9

The congestion cost is one of the most important consideration when congestion happens. One of the most frequent congestion is in the intersection. And one of the intersections in Yogyakarta Special Region is Condongcatur signalized intersection, Sleman. This study aims to analyze the congestion cost of intersection by using PYV. Vissim 9 as a traffic microsimulation model. For the congestion costs, the author uses Tzedzakis, 1998 approach. The results show that in the existing condition, the average delay is 103.72 determining Vehicle Operating Cost (BOK), Existing Speed is 70 km/H for primary road and 60 km /H for secondary road, travel time value is KB : Rp. 4.970, KR: Rp. 1.925, and SM : Rp. 315. Therefore, the total congestion cost is Rp. 5.663.790, -/hour.


Introduction
The congestion cost is one of the most important consideration when congestion happens. One of the most frequent congestion is in the intersection. And one of the intersections in Yogyakarta Special Region is Condongcatur signalized intersection, Sleman. Condongcatur signalized intersection is a North Ringroad of Yogyakarta which is a connector between Provinces of Central Java and an access road to the city of Yogyakarta.
In this study, the author tries to approach how much the cost incurred in the signalized intersection. According to Stubs in Sugiyanto [1], he mentions that the cost of congestion is a relation between speed and flow on the road and the relation between speed and vehicle cost. If the existing traffic flow limit is exceeded, then the average traffic speed will decrease. When the speed starts to fall, then the vehicle operating costs (BOK) will increase in the range of 0-45 miles / hour and the time to travel wil increase. But in case at a signal intersection, not all vehicles have speed due to delay on traffic light effects. Therefore, in this study the author uses simulation results from PTV. Vissim 9 student version as the diciding factor of the intersection delay. The intersection delay is used to predict how much it will cost. Vehicle operating costs (BOK) in this study refers to Sugiyanto [2], which has made an approach to determine the BOK from the speed of the vehicle.

Framework analysis
The data used in this study is based on field survey and previous study which then modeled using PTV. VISSIM. 9. Flow chart that explain the methodology can be seen in Figure 1.

Study location
This study is located at Condongcatur Signalized Intersection Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta which is a connecting the North Ringroad, Jl. Angga Jaya, and Jl. Affandi (Gejayan). The Location can be seen in Figure 2

Study time
The traffic volume used in this study is secondary data on previous study by Maulidiah [3]. Data

Type of road environment
Type of road environment can be seen at the table below.

Phase condition
Phase condition can be seen at the table below. Cycle Time (second) 203

Traffic volume
Traffic volume survey conducted by data Maulidiah, E [3]. The survey was taken on Monday, 12 january, 2016 which represent on weekdays condition. This is the traffic volume.

Traffic modeling by PTV. Vissim 9
This is the flowchart how PTV. Vissim used in this research.

Figure 5. PTV.Vissim 9 process
And this is the output.

Vehicle operating cost
The vehicle operating cost estimate by using Sugiyanto [2,4]  From the graphic above, thus the BOK for light vehicle and heavy vehicle can be calculated as the equation below.

Existing speed (A) and ideal speed (B)
In this study, on the east and West arms which is the primary arterial road based on Government regulation No. 34 of 2006 on the Road is determined to be the lowest at 60 km/h, but based on the survey speed that is done at peak hours speed of 60 km / h is still exceeded, thus determined the ideal speed of 70 km/h to calculate the congestion charge.as for the North and South arms is determined at 60 km/h which is the primary collection road.

Travel time value (V)
The time value is calculated using the study of Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual [5] with approach of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Based on the vehicle type, the time value for heavy vehicle is taken at Rp. M4.970, Light vehicle Rp. 1.925, and Motorcycle Rp. 315.

Queue and delay Time
The amount of queue or delay time is obtained from the output of VISSIM modeling.

Congestion cost analysis
Congestion cost is a travel expense due to traffic delay or additional vehicle volume approaching or exceeding road service capacity [6]. Using the equation 1-2, then the congestion cost in the existing condition can be seen in Table 5.