SAFETY INSPECTION ON LEVEL CROSSING JPL 727 KM 537 + 453 PATAK-PATHUKAN ROAD , SLEMAN , YOGYAKARTA

Level crossing (LC) safety inspection between a highway and a railroad on Pirak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta is necessary because this LC is located near various community centers, has high traffic volume, intersects with railway double tracks, and intersecting angle that is not perpendicular . This study aims to evaluate LC technical condition, analyse delay time and vehicles queue length, and evaluate pavement structure condition. The research results indicate: 1) LC technical conditions do not meet the requirements of Regulation of Director General of Land Transport No. 770 Year 2005; 2) The longest duration of LC gate closure occurred on Sunday at 15:05, that is 360 seconds, the highest traffic flow occurred on Monday (from the South side) that is equal to 1443 skr/day, and the longest delay time occurs on Sunday at 15:05, that is 498 seconds; 3) The value of pavement condition index (PCI) is 82% very good.


INTRODUCTION
According to Undang-Undang No. 22 year 2009, Traffic safety is a circumstance to avoid a person from accident risk during traffic that can be caused by humans, vehicles, and/or environment.Trains become one of transportation modes that provides several benefits to the community because the travel cost is relatively cheap, can transport many people or goods related its capacity, efficient in time, safe and comfortable (Utomo, 2013).According to Hasan (2009), there are some factors that affecting accidents at highway and railroad crossings, which are vehicles, drivers, natural and weather conditions, signs and markings, level crossing geometric design, and road pavement conditions.The safety inspection on a level crossing is a systematic examination of road and railway track on a level crossing to identify hazards, errors and deficiencies that can cause accidents.Inspection activities are usually conducted by PT.Kereta Api Indonesia or Ministry of Transportation.The city of Yogyakarta has a number of level crossings, one of which is a level crossing that located at Pirak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta.This level crossing is located in the area that close to various community activity centers, such as Gamping market, Gamping sub-district office, Godean sub-district office, PKU (Public Health Center) of Muhammadiyah Gamping, Tamantirto village hall, Mejing II Primary School, State Junior High School 1 Kasihan, High School State 1 Godean, and Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.In addition, this location is also adjacent to the national road of Wates Road in the South side and Godean Road in the North side.The purpose of this study is to inspect the safety of level crossing in Pirak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta on JPL 727 KM 537 + 453.This study aims to evaluate technical condition of level crossing, analyse delay time and length of vehicles queue that occurring as the impact of level level crossing gateclosure, and to evaluate pavement structure condition using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method.Secondary data in the form of train departure and arrival schedule information and list of level crossing in the Special Region of Yogyakarta obtained from PT. KAI DAOP VI Yogyakarta.

LEVEL CROSSING
Based on the Regulation of Director General of Land Transport No. 770 Year 2005 about technical guidelines for level crossing between road and railway track, the requirements for the construction of a level crossing includes: 1) Road surface is not higher or lower than rail head (0.5 cm tolerance).
2) There is a 60 cm long surface measured from outer side of rail track.
3) The maximum gradient for vehicle passing (calculated from the highest point on the rail head) is 2% measured from outer side of the flat surface and 10% for the next 10 meters.4) The maximum width of level crossing for one line is 7 meters.5) The angle of intersection between rail track and road is at least 90 degrees and the length of the straight road must be at least 150 meters from rail track.6) Must be equipped with an opponent rail or other construction to ensure a groove for the train wheel.7) Road segment that can be crossed between a road and a railroad has the following requirements: Class III, at least has 2 lanes and 2 directions, not on the curve, vertical alignment less than 5% from the rail track outer point, fulfill the visibility requirement, and in accordance with the General Plan of Spatial Planning (RUTR).

DELAYS
According to the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidance (PKJI, 2014), delay calculations include traffic delays and geometric delays.At a level crossing, the delay is affected by a stopped delay as a geometric delay and congestion delay as a traffic delay.Systematically can be expressed as follows: (2) Where: : Traffic delay : Geometric delay

QUEUE LENGTH
According to the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidance (PKJI, 2014), the queue length is a vehicle queuing along the level crossing approach and expressed in meters.The queue length starts to be measured when the level crossing gateis closed until the level crossing gateis opened.

PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI) METHOD
According to Shahin (1994in Hadiyatmo, 2007), the assessment of pavement structures condition by Pavement Condotion Index (PCI) method is assessed based on the type of damage and the level of damage, and it can be used as a reference in maintenance efforts.
Stages of calculation of pavement condition assessment as follows:

Density
Density is the percentage of damage to the total area of a type of damage to the area in a research unit measured in square meters or long meters.To calculate the value of density used the following formula: (3) or (4) with: Ad = Total of damage area (m 2 ) Ld = Total of damage length (m) As = Total area of segment unit (m 2 )

Deduct Value
Deduct Value is a reduction value for each type of damage obtained from the graph that shows density and deduct value relationship.

Total Deduct Value (TDV)
Total Deduct Value is the total of deduct value for each type of damage and level of damage in a segment unit.

Corrected Deduct Value (CDV)
Corrected Deduct Value obtained from the graph that shows relationship between TDV and CDV by choosing the suitable graph with number of Deduct Value that more than score 2.

Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
Once the CDV is known, then the PCI value for each research unit or segment can be calculated by the following equation: PCIs=100-CDV (5) Where: PCIs = PCI for each segment unit CDV = CDV for each segment unit

Figure 1 Research sites
The primary data were obtained by conducting the following survey:

Infrastructure Condition
The survey was conducted by direct observation along the segment of highway and railway line related to the signs, markings and traffic signal lights.

Level Crossing Geometric
The geometric survey was carried out by using the Garmin 76csx GPS tool to obtain the intersection angle of level crossing.

Crossing Door Closure Duration
The survey was conducted to determine the time length of level crossing gateclosure.

Vehicle Time-Delay
The vehicle time-delay survey is conducted to obtain the time it takes for the vehicle to pass through a nuisance and obstacle at a level crossing.

Vehicle Queue Length
The queue length survey is intended to obtain the queue length that occurs at one time closure of the crossing gate.

Pavement Structure Deterioration
The survey of road pavement structural damage is done by direct observation along the highway under review.

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF LEVEL CROSSING CLOSURE
The steps that required to obtaining delay duration and vehicle queue length due to the closure of level crossing gateare as follows:

Traffic Flow
The data of traffic flow survey result at level crossing is shown in Figure 3.

Delay Time and Vehicle Queue Length
The queue length varies on each approach lane of level crossing for each level crossing gate closure time.The data of delay time can be seen in Figure 4. be obtained the results that the longest delay time occurred at 17:00 for 393 seconds which is causing the vehicle queue length at that hour is 31 meters in the North side and 125 meters in the South side of level crossing.

ANALYSIS OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE CONDITION
Based on a survey conducted on a road segment (200 meters to the North and 200 meters to the South) of level crossing JPL 727 STA.537 + 453, it was observed that there were road damages at STA. 0 + 125 up to STA. 0 + 200.This damage has been analysed using PCI method.The result of pavement condition analysis by PCI method can be seen in Table 3 below.(5) = 100 -18 = 82 From the PCI value of each segment unit, it can be concluded that the amount of PCI value of this road segment as in the following figure.about technical guidelines for level crossing between road and railway track does not meet the requirements due to the passing train journey is often late, time intervals between trains during peak hours is less than six minutes, number of trains passing is more than 50 train/day, rail head and road pavement is in different elevation, distance between the consecutive level crossings is less than 800 meter, average daily traffic is 2956 vehicles /day, signs and markings are incomplete, and intersection angles between road and rail track is not perpendicular that could provide negative impact both for vehicle and train driver that passing this level crossing.index (PCI) is 82% therefor it can be concluded that the road pavement is in very good condition.

Q:
Traffic flow (skr/jam) QLV : Light vehicles flow QHV : Heavy vehicles flow QMC : Motorcycles flow ekr : Equivalent value of light vehicles Duration A survey of level crossing gate closure duration is done to find variations of level crossing gate closure duration caused by the passing train.The data of level crossing gateclosure duration for two days of observation are shown in Figure 2 below.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Level Crossing Gate Closure Duration

Figure 5
Figure 5 PCI Value Chart 2. Some parameters are analysed as the impact of level crossing gate clossing, including as follows: a.The longest closure duration of level crossing gate occurred on Sunday, March 19, 2017 at 15:05 for 360 seconds, while on Monday, March 20, 2017 occurred at 15:00 for 245 seconds.b.The highest traffic flow that occurred on Sunday, March 19, 2017 comes from the North side that is equal to 1932 vehicles/day or equal to 969 skr/day.Furthermore, the highest traffic flow that occurred on Monday, March 20, 2017 comes from the South side that is equal to 2956 vehicles/day or equal to 1443 skr/day.c.The longest delay time on Sunday, March 19, 2016 occurred at 15:05 for 498 seconds with a queue length is 65 meters from the North side and 78 meters from the South side.Moreover, the longest delay time on Monday, March 20, 2017 occurred at 17:00 for 393 seconds with a queue length of 31 meters from the North Side and 125 meters from the South Side.3.There are 4 types of damage on the road segment JPL 727 KM 537 + 453 along the 200 meters North-South direction, which are : patching (9.33%), bleeding (0.22%), depression (0.8%), and railroad crossing (4.8%).The value of the pavement conditions PCI (S) = 82 (very good) comparative stage between the parameters in the Regulation of Director General of Land Transport No. 770 Year 2005 about technical guidelines for level crossing between Road and Railway Track with the existing technical condition of level crossing on Pirak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta (JPL 727 KM 537 + 453) can be seen in Table 2 below. A