Innovation processes management and its efficiency for area development

Nowadays an industrial complex efficiency depends on many factors, but the essential condition here is an innovative activity of enterprises and regions. Only this innovative activity makes it possible to provide competitive advantages both at the national and at the world economy levels. To improve economic performance, it is necessary that economic entities operating in various spheres of industrial production intensify innovation activities to strengthen and develop their market positions. It should also be taken into account that this is a two-sided process, as, on the one hand, regional conditions influence realization of industry innovative potential, and, on the other hand, innovative processes influence effective area development. The paper aims to analyze the main innovative processes taking place in the region and to estimate the efficiency of clustering while using expert analysis and performance indicators of each cluster.


Introduction
According to official data, there are about 26 clusters in the Russian Federation. Yet, according to expert analysis of the Russian Cluster Observatory ISSEK HSE, at the beginning of 2016 there were more than 200 cluster initiatives starting to develop in the country. For clustering further development, the Cluster Map of Russia project was launched in September 2015. The project provides clusters with an opportunity to express themselves at the national level, opens access to existing practices of cluster development and management and helps them correlate with other clusters. In addition, clusters are ranked on the map on the level of their organizational development through a multi-step system of data entry. Thus, clusters can demonstrate a higher level of organizational development by adding new information.
The cluster model of economy was first introduced about forty years ago in the USA by Professor M. Porter [1]. Now, the problems of cluster development are dealt with by such Russian and foreign scientists as E. Birgman, E. Fizer, S. Rosenfild, L.M. Gokhberg, A.E. Shadrin and others. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) considers clusters as an important element in economic development. It has developed recommendations and provided guidance for local governments and entrepreneurs specifying measures for implementation of the programs on cluster structures formation [2].

Materials and methods
Economic theory fundamental principles, scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of innovative development, results of various applied researches on industrial clusters formation and functioning serve as a methodological basis of the study.
At the moment, there are specific methods and approaches to assess objective laws and trends of area innovative development applied in economy. However, none of them can be considered universal to study the process in detail.
The authors used dialectical, system-functional, economic-statistical and formally-logical methods as a methodological basis for this work.

Analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of innovation processes management for area development
Clustering of the economy of the region implies close interrelation of large, medium and small businesses to achieve high efficiency and positive results of innovation activity on the basis of diversification and modernization of industrial production [9]. According to the foreign experience, the cluster should include not less than 30-50 core companies for innovations potential development [10,11].
The basic clusters of the Samara region are automobile, aviation, petrochemical and ITclusters. Potentially prospective clusters include agroindustrial, construction, tourist and recreational clusters, as well as a cluster of medical and pharmaceutical technologies and small aircraft and shipbuilding.
In the process of organizing a regional cluster, the following requirements and principles should be considered: social and economic interests harmonization; mutually beneficial innovation ensuring; certain industrial clusters integration; continuity of the added value chain; responsibility for reliability and stability of cluster relations; vertical cooperation and horizontal coordination; selective competition and cooperation; responsibility for the interchange quality; ensuring full awareness; motivations for creation and development [12] According to official sources, the state of each cluster can be described according to the following indicators: number of participants, number of employees and cluster turnover. These indicators are shown in Table 1.
The data analysis showed that the clusters given in the table have the greatest impact on the regional economy. The aerospace cluster is unique because the complete production cycle of aerospace technology is concentrated on the territory of one region. The development strategy of this cluster implies a significant increase in labour productivity (not less than twice before 2017), an increase in the share of the cluster in the world market (from 0.6 to 5% by 2017), the growth of the share of workers in small and medium enterprises (up to 30% by 2020). It should also be noted that most of the clusters in the Samara region are industrial, not innovative, but with a share of innovative end products. Let us compare clusters of the Samara region and the Russian Federation. To begin with, we'll consider the concentration coefficient, which shows the percentage of employees working in the cluster in the total number of Samara region work force and its relation to the average level cluster employees in Russia. Of the 27 potential clusters, 10 clusters have a concentration coefficient equal to or greater than one: automobile, refining, plastics and plastic products, aerospace, chemical, production equipment, electrical engineering, building materials, heavy engineering and oil and gas production (see Fig. 1). Let us consider the indicators of relative productivity in the clusters of the Samara region. The labour productivity coefficient reflects the productivity ratio of the Samara region cluster to the middle value in Russia. Its analysis shows that most clusters in the Samara region have poor performance. Labor productivity is higher than the average indicator in Russia only in such clusters as power engineering, biopharmaceutical, building materials, transport and logistics, chemical, communication equipment. Thus, the traditional for the Samara region clusters -aerospace, automobile, oil refinery, plastics industry and plastic products have relatively low productivity (see Fig. 2). Development and implementation of cluster initiatives, innovative clusters projects aimed at increasing competitiveness and interaction efficiency of the organizations -participants of clusters, formation of conditions for effective organizational development of innovative clusters is a priority task of the state. In order to ensure innovative development in the Samara region, the state program of the Samara region "Creation of favorable conditions for investment and innovation activity in the Samara region for 2014 -2018" is being implemented [13].
According to its subprogramme "Development of innovation activity in the Samara region", the regional budget should allocate 1144.701 mln. rub. for the program implementation.
The main funding amount (98.16%) was supplied in 2014-2015 year. Let us consider the interim results of this subprogramme for 2015 (see Table 2).
where nnumber of development indicators, Kifthe actual value of i-indicator, Kiplthe planned value of i-indicator. Let us evaluate the effectiveness of the program implementation using the formula: where Ffthe sum of the regional budget actual expenses for the subprogramme; Fpl -the amount of the regional budget planned expenses for the subprogramme. Analyzing the subtotals, it is possible to note that the main indicators of the state subprogramme "Development of innovation activity in the Samara region" were fulfilled by 83.2%. The calculation of the performance indicator of the subprogramme shows that the target indicators of innovation development are not achieved mainly due to insufficient funding of activities.

Discussion
For the successful functioning of clusters in the Samara region, it seems advisable to establish the Institute of Facilitators and Stakeholders, which will not only participate in the creation of the cluster, but also will carry out further successful group communication between all elements of the territorial cluster. The first phase of the Samara cluster design culminated in the creation of a cluster core, which includes automobile, aerospace, petrochemical and other industrial clusters. Now it is necessary to form significant auxiliary clusters. The second stage involves the design of the Association of Regional Cluster Management and the development