The temperature-insulative material that can work as the insulation and siding and decorative material

The article analyzes the new temperature insulative materials. It is motivated that the temperature insulative material capable to work in the panel as a temperature insulative and facing-decorative material can be only composite type. The composition of the new material, the technology of its production, as well as the mathematical model of the mechanism of formation of strong crusts at its surfaces. The material that is used for the manufacture of roofing panels, panels BKU with an internal non-metallic layer. These panels allow you to break the bridges of cold in butt joints, which improves thermal performance, reliability and durability of the building as a whole. Based on the developed mathematical model, you can predict the properties of foam plastic.


Introduction
The complete-block method of construction became the main one in arrangement of West Siberian deposits [1]. Especially increases the importance of the construction in framepanel version, but with the use of powerful bases with the installed equipment. The crucial feature of such buildings will be thermophysical parameters base and walling.
In the three-layered panels frame type for facing-decoration required ists metal. In the production of double-layer panels, at least twice the metal consumption can be reduced. Double-layer and even" metal-free " panels can be manufactured only on high-strength insulation.
At the existing level of panel production technology, only the thermal insulation properties of foams are useful, such an important indicator as strength is not used. The strength of the panels is provided exclusively by structural elements. For example, the steel frame of the panel is sheathed with steel (aluminum, asbestos cement) sheets and filled with foam or mineral wool plates [10]. This leads to a rise in price of panels and deterioration of their thermal performance. Structurally these disadvantages to offset the difficult.
The development of science and technology of foam plastics production has led to the emergence of new ways to influence the final properties of foam in the process of their formation [11,14]. On the basis of the multidimensional network model, a model of technical evolution of panel samples was developed, which differ from the existing best technical and economic indicators [1,16,20].
As a result of the analysis and synthesis of a set of elementary functions, a number of hypothetical compositions were created, which were then realized in laboratory and experimental-industrial conditions. Optimization of compositions was carried out by simplex planning [6]. It was found that the foam plastic capable to work in the panel as a heater and facing and decorative material can be only of composite type [1].
We have developed a new type of composite polyfoam (PP), has a pronounced integral structure: the density increases from center to surface due to the formation of a hard crust [21][22].
This paper presents the composition of the new material, the technology of its production, as well as the mathematical model of the mechanism of formation of strong crusts in its surfaces.
2 Materials used for polyfoam PP 2.1 As a binder for PP polyfoam used resin FRV-1A, which in its properties corresponds to TU6-05-1104-78.
Phenol-formaldehyde resin FRV-1A is a homogeneous mixture of neutralized aqueous solution of the primary products of alkaline condensation of phenol and formaldehyde, which introduced surface-active substance OP-7 or OP-10 and aluminum powder in the following ratio in parts by weight: of the polymer FRV-1A is shown in Table 1. 3 Product VAH-3 -acid poly-dimensional type, representing an aqueous solution of the condensation product of sulfophenyl urea and formaldehyde in a mixture with phosphoric acid. VAH -3 must comply with the requirements of TU 6-05-1116-78.

2.4
The polystyrene shall conform to the requirements of GOST 6-05-202-83. Bulk weight of polystyrene granules is not more than 3 15 kg / m . As a result of experimental studies based on simplex planning [6], [15], the composition of PP was developed. The composition of the polyfoam  mass: phenol-formaldehyde resin -50-57 granules of polystyrene foam -3-5 flotation reagent-oxal -2-6 vermiculite -26-31 the product of condensation of sulfadimidine with formaldehyde and orthophosphoric acid (VAH-3) -the rest

Technological parameters production polyfoam PP
The main technological parameters of production polyfoam PP were worked out in laboratory conditions [11]. The process of manufacturing PP is to prepare a reaction-active composition (mixing resin FRV-1A, flotation agent-oxal and foaming-curing agent VAH-3), mixing it with fillers (polystyrene and vermiculite) and laying the thermal insulation mass in the form. Half the volume of the form is filled with prepared reaction-active composition. Foaming-curing agentVAH-3 and aluminum powder enter into an exothermic reaction. In the form of foaming and curing of the heat-insulating mass (formation of polyfoam). The volume of the finished polyfoam twice the volume of the original composition. The wall forms installed pressure gauge. During reaction of the foaming mold wall are under the pressure of 0-0.06 МPа . Process of production PP (TU 102-433-87) is characterized by the following parameters, it is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Parameters characterizing process of production PP.

Mathematical model of the mechanism of formation hard crusts on the surfaces of the polyfoam integrated structure
Formation of crusts on the surfaces of the polyfoam causes its high mechanical properties. Consider the mechanism of formation of these crusts. The reactive composition merges into a mixer, where it is mixed with granules of polystyrene and vermiculite. From the mixer activated heat-insulating mass is discharged into the cassette and leveled. In the period of time from 180 to 600 seconds, the foaming reaction of the polyfoam occurs, during which hydrogen is released. Vermiculite particles can move in a liquid medium only in those first five minutes after the start of the foaming reaction, when the mixture is in a liquid state, then the foam is cured.
PP composition includes flotation reagent-oxal, which reduces the wetting angle of vermiculite with phenolformaldehyde resin by 2 times (from 30 to 14 ). More than 30 special additives were experimentally investigated, and only the flotation reagent-oxal observed selective property of floating vermiculite particles in the mixture to the surface. We assume that with the reduction of the vermiculite wetting angle by resin, the viscosity of the medium is equal to the viscosity of the liquid phase of the foaming system. There is an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the composition increases to 100 С  . Already at 30 С  , the viscosity of the polymer FRV-1A is equal to 1.1 Pаs  .
The multiplicity of the foaming reaction mixture equal to 20. The gas bubbles released during the reaction join the vermiculite particle, an effective particle is formed, the volume of which significantly exceeds the volume of the vermiculite particle (the volume of the PP composition is doubled, which is due to the bubbles of the released gas). The material becomes porous. Microscopic analysis confirms this hypothesis.
The mass of the effective particle is almost equal to the mass of the vermi-culite particle: . , .
where v  -the density of vermiculite, g  -the density of the gas.
It is required to determine the mode of motion of the effective particle located in the activated mixture, it is shown in Figure 1.  The mode of movement of a single particle in reaction.
where p m -the mass of the particle, p v -the speed of movement of the particle, dt dv p -acceleration of particle, Arh F -the lifting force of Archimedes, tr F -the force of resistance to motion of a particle [2]. In this case, in view of the small differences in the velocity of the interfacial surface of the carrier fluid, the reactive force will be neglected [3].
In this case, the particle mass is a variable, because it changes in time.
where J -is the rate of change of particle mass in time.
The speed of the particle movement is given by the equation The resistance force where d C -the coefficient of resistance to movement, taking into account the influence of the mass transfer process, which in accordance with the law of Stokes is equal to Re 24 . The change of free volume, which causes a change in the pressure in the mixture, is described by the equation The influence of chemical reactions on the dynamics of the rise of particles surrounded by a gas bubbles [7] is taken into account by Archimedes ' force, which is described by the equation: where l  -the density of the environment, p  -the density of the particle.