Logistics Cost Calculation of Implementation Warehouse Management System : A Case Study

Warehouse management system can take full advantage of the resources and provide efficient warehousing services. The paper aims to show advantages and disadvantages of the warehouse management system in a chosen enterprise, which is focused on logistics services and transportation. The paper can bring new innovative approach for warehousing and presents how logistics enterprise can reduce logistics costs. This approach includes cost reduction of the establishment, operation and savings in the overall assessment of the implementation of the warehouse management system. The innovative warehouse management system will be demonstrated as the case study, which is classified as a qualitative scientific method, in the chosen logistics enterprise. The paper is based on the research of the world literature, analyses of the internal logistics processes, data and finally enterprise documents. The paper discovers costs related to personnel costs, handling equipment costs and costs for material identification. Implementation of the warehouse management system will reduce overall logistics costs of warehousing and extend the warehouse management system to other parts of the logistics chain.


Introduction
At present time companies try to minimize the costs of logistics.The concept of warehousing is very closely linked to logistics and distribution.Warehousing is within the logistics chain, one of the activities cannot be omitted.Warehousing addresses many crucial issues, inventory levels, ordering cycles, warehouse equipment and their spatial distribution, distribution of warehouse and inventory management.At high inventory levels incurred by companies fixed cost for each additional unit of inventory.Possession of inventory on hand may be necessary for the company due to preserve their source of supply.Warehousing is one of the most important parts of the entire logistics system.Warehousing is a link between manufacturers and customers, it provides storage for many products (e.g.raw materials, parts, semi-finished products, components and finished products).Warehouses allow to bridge space and time.Manufacturing inventories ensure optimal continuity of the production.Inventories of goods for ensuring smooth supply of the final customer.

Theoretical background and methodology
With the constant technological advancement, the companies started to invest in new systems to support competitiveness in the market in which they operate.The trend of reducing the cost of warehousing is the maximum use of warehouse space, the minimum number of transfers, effective solution to the warehousing points or reducing the number of species of stored inventory.These costs are significant, if the free warehouse space on someone's rented, or if with a higher warehousing amount of enterprise must pay for additional rented premises, or energy, or heat.Warehouse managers are usually interested in providing high quality services to their customers at minimum cost.From a tactical, strategic and operational point of view, the main issues concern both the warehouse and the inventory management [1,2].
Warehousing systems and material handling systems play a pivotal and critical role in the supply chain, and requirements for warehousing and handling operations have significantly increased in recent years [3].
Warehousing refers to activities associated with inventory management.These activities take place within the warehouse area, it is mainly the receipt of goods, purchase goods handling, picking, gathering and activities related to sorting [4,5].
Warehouse management is not just a purchase, warehousing and transport within the warehouse; this is a more complex system that exceeds the physical boundaries of warehouses.Warehouse Management System (hereinafter WMS) is used to increase performance and warehousing for better management decisions for holding only strictly necessary supplies needed for the manufacturing process [6,7].WMS can take full advantage of the resources and provide efficient warehousing services provided by the plan, organize, control and coordination processes [8].WMS is a necessary approach for every warehouse.An automated warehousing system provides less effort, more efficient, and reliable results compared to manual handled system.WMS is designed to help reduce costs through effective warehouse processes [9].The tool known as WMS is a system that facilitates the handling operations and storage materials through defined parameters, but the deployment of this system need to go through steps that impact positively and negatively the company's various sectors [10].
The need for automating the warehouse arises from the fact that manual handling may cause human errors which may affect the warehouse utilization [11].
The case study, as one of the qualitative research methods, was chosen because it counts among the most frequently used methods within the research focused on the implementation of different management approaches into practice of organizations [12].Case study is defined as an empirical survey of the current phenomenon in its natural environment, using multiple sources of evidence.Study cases are selected based on predefined conditions of the case [13,14].
The aim of this paper is to show advantages and disadvantages of the warehouse management system in a chosen logistics service provider (Ewals Cargo Care), which is focused on logistics services and transportation.The paper will bring new innovative approach for warehousing and presents how the logistics enterprise can reduce logistics costs, mainly personnel costs.This is especially thanks to the implementation of warehouse management system.Data used in the case study is based on real logistics processes in logistics service provider.The paper discovers costs related to personnel costs, handling equipment costs and costs for material identification.

Case study: Warehouse management system in logistics service provider
The case study is focused on new innovative approach for warehousing and presents how logistics service provider (Ewals Cargo Care) can reduce logistics costs, thanks to the implementation of warehouse management system.Ewals Cargo Care (hereinafter ECC) is a transport and logistics company operating in the market for more than 110 years.For its customers, primarily in the automotive, electronics, paper and packaging industry, manufacturers and distributors of consumer electronics provides services both in the field of transport, as well as services related to warehousing and handling of goods [15].The company's goal is always to find the optimal solution for shipping process on the way from supplier to customer, with the possibility of combining shipment, transhipment or use consolidation warehouses.ECC fully uses its years of experience, skills and knowledge to find and implemented for customers the most effective solution with the least impact on the environment [15].
The case study compares two models.The first one is the existing warehouse system and the second one is the new innovative WMS.For the design of WMS implementation was used analysis of current warehouse management based on fixed warehouse positions and common software that keeps track of inventory about individual stock items.The current system of fixed positions does not allow variable use of empty warehouse cells for current needs income and material warehouse.Proposal for the implementation of WMS in turn allows almost 100% utilization of warehouse capacity and reducing the administrative handling time needed to process goods receipt, put-away, warehousing and distribution of goods to the production.For the current calculation of measured values required for the proposal to introduce managed warehouse was used ECC customer production plan in 2017.Of these production plans, can derive data needed to analyse the personnel and technical complexity in the case of implementation of WMS.
Tab. 1 shows the personnel costs in the existing warehouse system.Personnel costs are governed by wage regulation in the ECC.Based on the number of employees (32 people) are determined by the total personnel costs, which amounts to 1,183,000 CZK per month.Required operating personnel warehouse in 2017 could be changed about the implementation of WMS.In tab. 2 lists the personnel costs in the warehouse after implementation of WMS.Out of 32 employees after the implementation of software and hardware WMS has been optimized six workers.Personnel costs would be reduced from the amount 1,183,000 CZK to 967,000 CZK per month.Tab. 5 expresses the logistics costs for material identification in the ECC warehouse.From the available data to determine the total number of printed identification cards (hereinafter IDC) is 660,294 pieces.Print of one IDC worth 0.61 CZK, so they are identifiable costs to the total number of IDC calculated the amount to 402,779 CZK.Costs of hardware and software (column HW and SW) are fixed monthly 29,637 CZK.This amount includes the use of personal computer and printers including consumables.Total yearly costs for material identification are 758,423 CZK.Tab. 7 expresses the total cost evaluation, the use of an existing type of warehousing at fixed positions.The right part of the table shows implementation of the WMS.The total savings would be 6 people, so it would reduce personnel costs.WMS could reduce the costs of the warehouse equipment of the forklift.Costs for material identification would increase slightly, but the total yearly cost savings would amount to 2,715,009 CZK.

Conclusion
WMS brings many positive impacts.WMS means in practice that all movement of the material is controlled by software, material is identified by a bar code transmitted with a radio frequency terminal.Workers are minimized errors and increasing the productivity.Processes performed by the warehouse staff can monitor and evaluate at any moment.The system minimizes the complaint allows the merging of orders and guarantees compliance with FIFO (First In First Out).The aim of this paper was reduced the logistics costs of warehousing in the ECC and propose the implementation of WMS for reasons of logistics cost savings.With the implementation of WMS will be savings on the cost side.Overall it will be reduced the necessary operating staff consists of 32 to 26 workers, also will be reduced the required

Table 2 .
[15]onnel costs -state after implementation of WMS.Source: author, based on[15]In tab. 3 is an overview of the necessary handling equipment in the warehouse before and after the implementation of WMS.The changes that have occurred since the implementation of WMS are saving one forklift (yellow highlighted box in the tab.3).Number of forklifts can be reduced because WMS reduces the number of forklift drivers.Monthly savings is 24,242 CZK.

966 CZK 259 724 CZK Total Handling Equipment Costs Tab
44shows the hardware and software costs of implementation WMS.These costs include software and hardware equipment (radio frequency terminal equipment, radio frequency network including installation and the necessary printers for printing identification cards).The monthly depreciation of software is 36,944 CZK and maintenance is 7,875 CZK.Monthly depreciation on hardware is 19,168 CZK.Total monthly costs for software and hardware of WMS are 63,987 CZK.

Table 5 .
[15]stics costs for material identification, HW and SW equipment -existing warehouse system.Source: author, based on[15]Tab.6 shows the costs for material identification in case of implementation WMS.IDC costs will change, because new IDCs are cheaper.One identification card costs only 0.24 CZK.Changes that occur with this implementation shall remain in hardware and software.Monthly operating costs of hardware and software of WMS are from tab. 4 totally 63,987 CZK per month.As is apparent from a comparison of the tables, the implementation of WMS will increase the total cost of the material identification from 758,423 CZK to 926,318 CZK per year.