Protective and Catching Safety Systems In Construction

In the article is described application of protective and catching systems in construction. Classification of similar systems, their types and purpose are listed. Dangerous zones on construction site and events to for limiting their influence or protection from the factors. Protective and catching systems is one of the most effective technical equipment, applied in recent time. Protective fences and catching systems are important part in the problem solution. Protective fences protect workers from falling from height. Protective and catching systems allows avoid injuries by workers, also catch debris, fallen from constructing buildings. In regard with continuing development in technical and technological solutions, protective and catching systems require adaptation to a new requirements of construction industry and requirements of normative documents. Technical regulations in the appliance sphere of protective and catching systems requires actualization and aligning with modern normatives. Important role should be given to developing organizational and technological documentation for application of the systems. Scientific studying of technical parameters of fences and protective catching nets also has great interest.


Introduction
Ensuring the required level of safety in construction industry is one of the major condition of project functioning and realization.Construction work have a lot of dangerous production factors, among which the most common are production work near an edge of buildings and work production in dangerous zones, appeared from objects falling from a building [14][15][16][17].Modern conditions of construction assumes work production in tight urban conditions, what causes limits in construction production, which need to be considered in organizational and technological construction projecting [7,10,11,13].In construction applied two kind of systems, protecting from falling objects: passive and active systems.Passive systems, while installed, protect workers without necessity of their participation in system activity.Active systems require each worker himself take action, from falling protection, such as wearing safety belt.In the article will be discussed only passive systems like safety nets and protective fences (fig.1).Review of the given documents shows that existing normative and technical documents regulates methods of testing and requirements for geometrical characteristics.And there is not enough information about technological and organizational issues [1-5].

Results and Discussion
Construction presents difficult system, which consists of working contract organizations, constantly moving materials and technical resources, machines and mechanisms, also temporary infrastructure, necessary for providing relevant conditions.Construction object is motionless element of such system, on which construction works are underway.Construction always causes appearance on territory dangerous production factors, related with work of installing machines and lifting mechanisms, with .worksnear border of high difference.Listed above factors can be divided into two groups: constantly-acting and temporary-acting (table 1).Class B edge protection system shall fulfil the design requirements given in clause to class A Class B edge protection system shall be capable of absorbing a kinetic energy of 1100 J anywhere along the protection up to a height of 200 mm above the working surface and 500 J at all higher parts.

Fences class «C»
Class C protection provides resistance to high dynamic forces based on the safety requirements to prevent the fall of a person sliding down a steep sloping surface.
Collectively stop a person sliding/falling down a steep sloping surface.
Class C has no static load requirement.Class C edge protection system shall be capable of absorbing 2200 J of kinetic energy anywhere along the protection up to a height of 200 mm above the working surface and 500 J at all higher parts.
Catching systems also well known as safety nets appeared several years ago.Nowadays, there 4 main types of it.Each type is designed for a specific situation and construction phase (table 3).Classification of protective fences according to [1] and [5] have common requirements, differences only in character of applied loads and their type.

Conclusion
Accounting of all above listed dangerous production factors is necessary condition for providing safety in construction [6,8,9,12].In recent years technical solutions and equipment, needed for decision the problems, got a significant development.In accordance with their application causes additional expenses of time and work, which influences on construction period, technical decisions of such systems need constantly improvement.However, existing solutions allows provide minimal required level of protection from most of the factors [22,23].
According to constantly improving technical and technological solutions, protectivecatching systems also need constant adaptation for modern requirements of construction production and requirements of normative documents.Technical regulations in applying protective-catching system sphere requires modernization and alignment with modern norms.Important role should be given to projecting organizational and technological documentation for using the systems.Scientific studying of technical parameters of fences and protective-catching nets also has great interest.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Protective and catching systems, installed on object.Nowadays in sphere of application protective and catching systems exists following documents, regulating appliance of such systems: 1)GOST 12.4.059-89Stroitelstvo.Ograzhdenia predohranitelnie inventarnie; 2)DIN EN 13374 Temporary edge protection systems.Product specification -Test methods; 3)DIN EN 1263-1 Part 1: Safety requirements, test methods.4)DIN EN 1263-1 Part 2: DIN EN 1263-1 Part 2: Safety requirements for the positioning limits.Review of the given documents shows that existing normative and technical documents regulates methods of testing and requirements for geometrical characteristics.And there is not enough information about technological and organizational issues [1-5].

Table 1 .
[18][19][20][21]24]construction site and ways for their limitation Protective and catching system is one of the most effective technical equipment applied in recent years.Such systems according to type of work can have different purpose (table2).Protecting fences and protective and catching systems are important part in the problem solution.Protecting fences prevent workers from falling from the height.Protectivecatching nets allows avoid injuries, and also catch objects, fallen from constructing buildings[18][19][20][21]24].

Table 2 .
Comparison of fences according to existing norms

Table 3 .
Comparison of fences according to existing norms