Construction and Empirical Analysis of Innovation Index System of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xinxiang Self-dependent Innovation Demonstration Area

As the main cities of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang has established evaluation index system which is based on innovative environment,innovation inputs and innovation outputs.Determining of the one-level index weight by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and using the entropy weight method to determine the two-level index weight. By analyzing the results, obtained the following conclusions:Zhengzhou has a distinct advantage in the innovation environment, innovation inputs and innovation outputs,but there is a downward trend in innovation environment and innovation input.;Luoyang is in a stable stage basically,and with great advantages in terms of innovation output. Xinxiang at a disadvantage in the three regions,but its better environment for innovation,innovation inputs continued to increase,innovation output tends to increase.

model of China's National Innovation Demonstration Zone. The gross value of industrial output of Zhongguancun is 410 billion 410 million yuan, accounts for 51.1% of the city. The number of patent applications of Zhongguancun enterprises reached 27966, accounts for 32.9% of the city. Silicon Valley initiated a science, technology, production of three-dimensional integrated development model, with small and medium-sized enterprises as the core. It has created a global scientific and technological innovation, transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the development of high-tech industry model, becoming the world's most dynamic economic region. Tsukuba, Bangalore, Hsinchu Taiwan, China, and other world famous high-tech Industrial Development Zone has provided a good experience for the good development of China's National innovation demonstration zone. Considering the difference of regional economic development, we put forward to the development model of national independent innovation demonstration zone, which government-led, cluster development of electronic information, advanced manufacturing, new materials and other strategic emerging high-tech industry, the industrial-academic-research collaborative development.
Creativity is the soul of a nation's progress.With the implementation of the strategy of innovation-driven development, China's major innovation index has reached the leading level of the world. But the self-innovation capability still faces a severe test.Similar to the function of high-tech park, National Innovation Demonstration Zone is mainly to accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, promote the strategy of innovation-driven, accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development.In our country, the national innovation demonstration zone has the functions of strengthening financing, innovation incentive, risk aversion and achievement transformation as well.
In the case of the United States, foreign scholars N. Link Albert and T. Scott John study the impact of Science and Technology Park on the university. They believe that once the establishment of science and Technology Park, the University and other resources near to the science and technology parks will have a huge impact, may make university turn to applied research from basic research directly [1] .Francis C.C. Koha, Winston T.H. Koh and Feichin Ted Tschanga proposed framework includes growth mechanism, technical ability and global role and market integration, analyzed the Silicon Valley, Hsinchu, Cambridge Science and Technology Park, Singapore Science Park, they believe that technological capability, especially R&D which is the primary driving force to promote the development of science and technology parks [2] . Through the study of the Greek Science Park, Yiannis L Bakourosa, Dimitri, C Mardasb anad Nikos and C Varsakelisc found that the enterprise and universities in Science and Technology Park are generally built with informal contact, and synergy only appear in business transactions and social interaction, while in scientific research is not [3] . The domestic scholar Sha Dechun make comparative study of Silicon Valley index and evaluation index system of national high-tech Zone, and conclude that the two have significant differences in the design idea, index content, system structure, making subject and the index function [4] .Taking Silicon Valley and Hsinchu Science Park as an example,Lin Lijian,Teng Tangwei studied the difference and convergence of the fusion of first-class Science Park. [5] Hu Shuhua through the construction of "four-three structure" model, take Wuhan East Lake national innovation demonstration zone as an example to analyze the input and output, the main body of innovation, innovation content and innovation output, and puts forward three measures of the independent innovation project [6] .According to the analysis of complex network structure, Gong Yuhuan propose that the innovation capability of Zhongguancun industrial cluster is highly dependent on a small number of large enterprises [7] .Zhou Hongyu make comparative study to the innovation capability of Zhongguancun, Donghu and Zhangjiang, by construct the evaluation model of innovation capability of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, which is regard innovative input, innovative talents, innovation output, innovation body and innovation environment as the as the indicator information [8] .

Contruction of index system
The index theory originated from the price index, and later was widely used in the field of economic statistics, such as CPI, PPI, import and export price index, etc. With the development of economy and society, innovation has become one of the main indicators of national economic development and comprehensive national strength. Innovation index is a comprehensive index to reflect the degree of change of science and technology innovation, and it is used to reflect the relative number of technological innovation and technological innovation ability [9] .The typical innovation index the Silicon Valley index. Among them, the innovation alliance score card is used to analyze the innovation advantages and disadvantages of EU countries. It includes three one-level indexes such as Innovation vitality, innovation activity and innovation output, and 29 two-level indexes such as human resources, business investment, economic performance, etc.
On the basis of comprehensive analysis, furthermore, it divides the EU member states into leaders, followers, general and low innovation countries. In China, the relatively authoritative indices are as follows: national innovation index, national high tech Zone Innovation Index, China Innovation Index, and some indexes that reveal the National Innovation Demonstration Zone such as Zhongguancun index, Zhang Jiang innovation index, Hangzhou innovation index, etc.
Overall, from the aspects of scientific objectivity and feasibility principle the evaluation index system establishes tree

The index system of innovation index
According to the research above, we can establish an index system of innovation index, which is consisted of 3 one-level indexes such as Innovation environment, innovation investment and innovation output, and 15 two-level indexes such as the number of undergraduates per million, Per Capita GDP, the proportion of total social research funding for GDP, invention patents authorization amount, and the proportion of high-tech industrial output value for above-scale output value etc.See Table 1.

Determination of the one-level index weight
Due to the one-level target only contains the three aspects content of innovation environment, innovation input and innovation output, so we use Subjective Weight-assign Method when determine the weight of the first-level target. The popular subjective weighting approach includes analytic hierarchy process (AHP), expert investigation method (Delphi method), TACTIC, least square method and two coefficient method, etc.AHP is the most commonly used methods in practical application, and it is able to simplify and layering the complex issue. Thus to use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the one-level index weight.
Design the questionnaire that intercomparsion between innovation environment, innovation investment and innovation output, and ask experts in related fields to make a comparative judgment. And then, organize relevant results according to the Saaty scale table. Finally obtain a comparison matrix A of one-level index, as shown in Table 2. In the third rows and second columns of comparison matrix of the one-level index, there is a number 5, which is express that innovation investment has a significant effect on the overall innovation, compared with the innovation environment.  (2) and (3), the normalized feature vector that corresponding to During the construction of the comparison matrix A, we do not consider the consistency of the matrix, and therefore, according to the consistency checking procedure proposed by Saaty [11], the consistency check of the comparison matrix is carried out. The procedures are as follows. (2)Calculating the average random consistency index R.I, and find the R.I.=0.58 by looking for the past data.
(3)Calculate the consistency ratio: C.R.: C.R.=C.I./R.I.=0.254. When C.R.<0.3, the consistency of the matrix is acceptable, otherwise it is necessary to revise the matrix. Therefore, It can be considered that the consistency is betterIt can be learned that the weight of the three one-level index are:0.1104 0.3230 0.5666.

Determination of the two-level index weight
Given the artificial subjective factors are not easy to determine and the two-level index contains too many indicators, thus to use the objective weighting method to determine the one-level index weight. Using historical data to study the  x r (4) According to the definition of information entropy in information theory, calculate the information entropy of every two-level index. year as an example. T value is 5. According to the analysis above, we can obtain the weight of each two-level index. See Table 1.

Calculation method and data collection
After the analysis above, we can solve the innovation index that correspond to one-level index and two-level index in each region. Calculating the one-level index fraction by weighted methods, the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula (7), i is the number of two-level index, t is the number of two-level index that correspond to one-level index, j represents years, i Z is the weights that correspond to two-level index.
Based on the formula (7), we can calculate the total innovation index of a region by using the one-level index's weights that concluded in 3.2. The calculation formula is as follows: In this formula, t represents the three regions, a Z is one-level index weight. First of all, according to the formula 4, Standardizing the data of the 15 two-level index of the three regions of Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Xinxiang. The standardization eliminates the difference of measurement units and numerical value in the evaluation of multi index. Limited to space, this paper uses the range of processing methods, and obtain a standard matrix. See Table 3. And then, according to the above analysis, calculate the three regions of the total innovation index and the horizontal and vertical analysis of the innovation index.

Overall analysis of innovation index
Based on the formula and the method of 3, we can get the total index of innovation in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Xinxiang, as well as the growth rate in 2012 as a benchmark. The details are shown in Table 4.  Table 4 it is not difficult to see that Zhengzhou has been ahead of Luoyang and Xinxiang in the overall innovation index. Zhengzhou lead and promote economic restructuring and upgrading support innovation and development in Henan, and is of great significance to speed up the rise of the Central Plains, Henan revitalization and enriching Province. From the angle of growth rate, Zhengzhou is in a relatively stable position. This is because Zhengzhou has been concerned about innovation, and the policy of committed to leading innovation in Henan development. And Luoyang is showing a larger increase, its 2014 growth was even exceeds Zhengzhou. Although the growth rate of Xinxiang has slowed down, the growth rate is still large, ahead of Zhengzhou and Luoyang.
As a whole, Zhengzhou's innovation ability is the strongest, Luoyang is in the chase phase, Xinxiang is weak, and its growth rate has slowed down. Table 5 is the index of innovation environment, innovation investment and innovation output of the three cities

Conclusion and discussion
Based on the above analysis, we can draw the following conclusions. Zhengzhou has a clear advantage in terms of innovation environment, innovation investment and innovation output, but the innovation environment and innovation input has a declining trend. Luoyang is basically in a stable stage, and has a greater advantage in terms of innovation output, as a result of the increase of traditional industrial transformation and upgrading. Xinxiang are basically at a disadvantage in the three regions, but the innovation environment for good performance. Its innovation investment continued to increase, and the innovation output showing a growing trend as well. It has a greater potential in the green environmental protection household electrical appliances, biological new medicine and other industries. In this paper, the statistical data of Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Xinxiang are used to analyze the innovation ability of the three places. We have reached the index of innovation environment, innovation investment and innovation output, which is in line with the actual development. As the main park of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xinxiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone, its innovative ability is related to the innovation and development of the whole demonstration area.
The analysis of this paper can be used as policy guidance. In the future we can establish a system suitable for the overall innovation index evaluation, based on the innovation index evaluation system of Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone in other countries and the data of Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Xinxiang. This is the direction of the future need to work hard as well.