Determination of gas consumption rate using the thermo technical calculations

At present time the problem of energy efficiency in field of housing and utilities infrastructure is very actual. Gas fuel consumption by population is the main factor influenced on achievement of high values in energy efficiency. One of the stage of optimization and efficiency upgrading of gas consumption is introduction of gas-meter containing smart-cards. This device allows optimization as well as monitoring gas consumption according to real data (not according to data of consumption rate)


Introduction
At present time gas-meters generally are absent with consumers.For determination of norm of gas consumption the Building regulations, manuals and recommendations are used.Norms of gas consumption for cooking and water heating when application of gas-stoves and boilers in house buildings should be determined according to SP 42-101-2003 presented in Table 1.

Gas customers
Gas consumption index Heat consumption rate, МJ House buildings 1.In case, the gas-stove and centralized hot-water supply system present 2. In case, the gas-stove presents but centralized hot-water supply system absents 3.In case, the gas-stove and gas water heater present but centralized hotwater supply system absents For a one person per a year For a one person per a year For a one person per a year 4100 6000 10000

Methodology
Calculation of gas consumption in house and public buildings is based on methods of heat losses determination those depend on building type, number of floors and climate conditions.
Gas consumption rates for heating of house buildings are determined taking into account calculated heat losses recovered by local gas heating systems.
Main part.Heat consumption in house building depends on some parameters.The ones of the most important are followings: building type, number of floors as well as realization degree of energy-efficiency procedures when construction process.Calculation of heat consumption it is necessary to accomplished taking into account the followings building types: 1) Buildings constructed before 1985 a) without considering of energy-saving procedures application (1-2-storied, 3-4-5-storied buildings and higher buildings); b) taking into account of energy-saving procedures application (1-2-storied, 3-4-5-storied buildings and higher buildings); 2) Buildings constructed after 1985 (1-2-storied, 3-4-5-storied buildings and higher buildings).
There is a building type, where local heating systems are set up.In this case the heat loss calculation and gas consumption are determined by following eq.: where ܳ is annual heat consumption for house buildings, W; ܳ ௫ is maximum heat flow for house buildings with calculated external temperature for heating process design (text), W; t av -in is average internal temperature in heated buildings, o C; t av0 is average external temperature for average daily temperature up to 8 o C (heating season), o C; n 0 is duration of heating season, days.
Maximum heat flow for house buildings ܳ ௫ is determined by the following eq.: ܳ ௫ = ‫ݍ‬ ‫ܣ‬ (2) where q 0 is integrated value of maximum heat flow for house buildings for 1 m 2 of total area, W; A is total area of house buildings determined as a sum of all apartment areas in these buildings, m 2 .
According to SNiP2.08.01-89 «House buildings» the total apartment area is a sum of their areas taking into account the followings decreasing coefficients: built-in closets -0.5; recessed balconies and balconies and verandas -0.3; terraces and refrigerating chambers -0.1.
Total area is determined by internal measurement of all rooms at floor level without considering a baseboard.At the same time, area occupied by heating stove is excluded of total area.
When heating systems design the value of tav-in is determined according to SNiP 2.04.05-91 «Heating, ventilation and conditioning».
In this case the real average internal temperature can be used.Values of t 0 , t av0 , n 0 are determined according to SNiP 2.01.01-82 «Building climatology and geophysics» or according to data of meteorological service.
Annual gas consumption for heating of house buildings is determined by following eq.: where G is annual gas consumption for heating of house buildings, m 3 ; ܳ is minimum of calorific value of gas fuel, kJ/m 3 (kkal = 4,1868 kJ); n is coefficient of efficiency for heating system.For heating stove the parameter n= 0.7-0.75;for heating equipment the parameter n is determined according to machinery certificate.
To simplify the payment procedure for customers the annual gas consumption rate for heating process is equidistributed monthly during a year.
In this case the average monthly of gas consumption rate is determined by follow eq.: where ܲ is average monthly of gas consumption for heating of house buildings in i- group (m 3 ) per 1 m 2 of heated area; ‫ܩ‬ is annual gas consumption for heating of house buildings in i-group, m 3 ; ܽ is heated area of of house buildings in i-group, m 2 .
Gas consumption for local heating systems is determined using average values of heated area by following: where ܲ is average monthly gas consumption in oblast (region or republic in Russian Federation), m 3 per 1 m 2 of heated area; ݀ ଵ is part of heated area for heating of house buildings in i-group generally in oblast (region or republic in Russian Federation) vs. area heated with local heating systems; m is number applied groups of buildings.Calculation of gas consumption rates realized with selected measures (for exp. the first group of apartment).
Real number of selected proxy objects is 86 (44 at least).Effective gas fuel consumption is based on application of gas-meters with max coefficient of efficiency.
Targeted indicators represented change in measures are calculated relatively to current year vs. previous year.Targeted indicators represented gas-meter availability are calculated according to objects connected with gas-supply system.
Determination of targeted indicators for gas-supply systems as well as efficiency upgrading under equal conditions the variation in structure and volume of requirement in resources those are extra of efficiency upgrading procedures are should be taken account.The data in Table 3 are actual as at October, 2012.

Conclusions
According to the above data, the volume of gas fuel, consumed by «Odintsovomezhregiongas» (branch of «Mosoblgas» company), taken into account with gas-meters grows annually.At the same time, efficiency of gas fuel consumption also grows by 10 % averagely.
In compliance with it we can conclude the efficiency of gas fuel consumption is significantly increased vs. 2010 due to application of gas-meters with smart-cards.

Table 2 .
Determination of universe variance

Table 3 .
Calculation of efficiency of gas fuel consumption