An Analysis of Environmental Dimensions Affected in Adoption of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles : A Study in Shah ALAM Industrial AREA , Selangor

The aim of the study is to identify the perceptions of respondents on environmental dimensions hat affected in adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The study was conducted at Shah Alam industrial areas of Selangor, Malaysia, with the number of respondents are 120 respondents with various job positions that related with engineering and automobiles industry. The findings of the research shows that the dimensions of HFCV Internal Environmental total score of the items statement is 3.40 with the percentage of agreement in implementation is 3.72 percent, HFCV Environmental Information Systems shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.63 with the percentage of agreement on use to great extend is 42.5 percent, HFCV Cooperation with Customers shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.81 with the percentage of agreement on implementation is 44.2 percent. The findings on HFCV Eco Design shows that the total score of items statement is 4.02 with the percentage of agreement on implementation is 42.3 percent, HFCV Environmental Organizational Culture shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.37 with the percentage of agreement is 34.2 percent, HFCV Environmental Leadership shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.34 with the percentage of agreement is 48.2 percent. HFCV Proactive Green Innovation shows that the total score of items statement is 4.10 ahead of automobile got the highest mean score of 4.32 with the percentage of agreement is 41 percent. HFCV Environmental performance shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.87 with the percentage of agreement is 39 percent and the last environmental dimensions was HFCV Environmental Risks shows that the total score of the item statement is 4.00 with the percentage of agreement is 40 percent


Introduction
A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is a type of electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell instead of a battery to power the car.Hydrogen cars are basically electric cars.They have electric motors that drive the wheels just like an electric cars but the difference lies in the battery.A hydrogen fuel cell creates a chemical reaction with the hydrogen that generates electricity, water and heat.Just like an electric car, there are no harmful exhaust emissions that can affect environment.But the continuous improvement on the management and behavioural dimensions of the HFCV manufacturers and users are needed to safe and secure the environment for the long term.The initiatives of HFCV management and behavioural dimensions that consists of HFCV internal environmental management, HFCV proactive in green management, HFCV environmental organizational culture, HFCV environmental leadership and HFCV environmental performance is in need to continuously care and cautions on the impact of environment in an adoption of HFCV.

Literature review
In the perspective of environmental impact, hydrogen fuel cells are a clean, reliable, quiet, and efficient sources of high-quality electric power.The hydrogen use as a fuel to drive an electrochemical process that produces electricity, with water and heat as the only by-products.
In the perspectives of environmental impact of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, there is a few advantages of using hydrogen fuel cell as follows: 1) Converting hydrogen gas into electricity produces only water and heat as a product, meaning fuel cell vehicles did not create tailpipe pollution when they are driven 2) Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles combines the range and refuelling of conventional cars with the recreation and environmental benefits of driving on electricity.
3 Research methodology The research objective of the study is to identify the perceptions of the respondents on environment dimensions in adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in Malaysia.

The Respondents
The

The research instrument and measurement
The instrument and measurement of the questionnaire items was by use of "five-point scale from 1 to 5".The rating constructs in this study were in following: Five point scale (1 -not at all; 2 -a little bit; 3 -to some degree; 4 -relatively significant; 5significant

Data analysis
Data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics with mean score and the percentage of the agreement for the assessment of respondent perception on items measurement.

Research findings
The result of the findings were presented accordingly based on the following: Section The number of respondents involved in the study was 120 respondents.Demographic profile for respondents in Shah Alam Industrial Area, Selangor was summarized in majority of respondents as per shown in Table 1.

30%
Total Score 3.40 37.2% The findings on HFCV Internal Environmental Management shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.40 with the percentage of agreement in implementation is 37.2 percent.

2) HFCV Environment Information Systems
The finding on HFCV Internal Environmental Management is shown in Table 3.The findings on HFCV Environmental Information Systems shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.63 with the percentage of agreement on use to great extend is 42.5 percent.

3) HFCV Cooperation with Customers
The findings on HFCV Internal Environmental Management is shown in Table 4.

4) HFCV Eco Design
The findings on HFCV Eco Design is shown in Table 5.

5) HFCV Environmental Organizational Culture
The findings on HFCV Environmental Organizational Culture is shown in Table 6.The company concerns the knowledge of environmental management and protection of HFCV

45%
The company concerns the collaboration of environmental management and protection of HFCV

34%
The company concerns of environmental agreements of HFCV

30%
The company concerns of the responsiveness of environmental management and protection of HFCV

28%
Total Score 3.37 34.2%The findings on HFCV Environmental Organizational Culture shows that the total score of the items statement is 3.37 with the percentage of agreement is 34.2 percent.

6) HFCV Environmental Leadership
The findings on HFCV Environmental Leadership is shown in Table 7.

HFCV Environmental Leadership
Mean Score

% of Agreement
The leaders within the company inspire a shared vision of the organization as environmentally sustainable, creating or maintaining green values throughout the company

58%
The leaders within the company utilize welldeveloped approaches to environmental management which generally centre around a program customized to the company's specific business and market

50%
The leaders within the company create partnerships with the company's stakeholders to solve environmental problems and to accomplish environmental goals

45%
The leaders within the company can take on the responsibility of environmental education with the intent of engaging 3.10 40% employees in environmental management initiatives Total Score 3.34 48.2%The findings on HFCV Environmental Leadership shows that total score of the items statement is 3.34 with the percentage of agreement is 48.2 percent.

7) HFCV Proactive Green Innovation
The findings on HFCV Proactive Green Innovation is shown in Table 8.

Recommendation
Based on the study findings, the following recommendations to strengthen the environmental impact positively towards the adoption of HFCV are as follows:

HFCV Internal Environmental Management
The top management should give full commitment on internal environmental management that can encourage proactive action and productive output on internal assessment and management of HFCV.

HFCV Environment Information Systems
Provide information effectively and efficiently in HFCV

HFCV Cooperation with Customers
The HFCV management should cooperate with customers in eco design, cleaner production, green product design and using less energy.

HFCV Eco Design
The initiatives of designing the products that can reduced consumption of material and energy for reuse, recovery of material and recycle the component or material in HFCV

HFCV Environmental Organizational Culture
The company that involve with HFCV must be concern on knowledge of environmental management, environmental agreements, responsiveness and the vision of environmental issues of HFCV.

HFCV Environmental Leadership
The leaders in the organization that involves in HFCV adoption should be motivated to inspire a shared vision on environmental issues.

HFCV Proactive Green Innovation
The management should be active in environment-related innovation in order to take initiatives for HFCV to be ahead than other vehicles.

HFCV Environmental Performance
The initiatives to reduce of air emissions, effluent waste, solid waste and the decrease in consumption for hazardous and harmful materials should be efficient.

HFCV Environmental Risks
Risk minimization is now viewed as increasingly intertwined with good corporate social responsibility and governance.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, it indicates that the environmental dimensions in adoption of HFCV could generate many constraint and benefits of the HFCV success in future.This study verifies the issues of environment that need to be in precaution on action of HFCV implementation.

Scales 1. HFCV Internal Environmental Management
A: Respondent Demographic Profile

Table 1 .
Summary of demographic profile of respondents

Table 2 .
The mean score of hfcv internal environmental management

Table 3 .
The mean score of HFCV environmental information systems

Table 4 .
The mean score of HFCV cooperation with customers

Table 5 .
The MEAN Score of HFCV eco design The findings on HFCV Eco Design shows that the total score of items statement is 4.02 with the percentage of agreement on implementation is 42.3 percent.

Table 6 .
The mean score of HFCV environmental organizational culture

Table 8 .
The mean score of HFCV proactive green innovation

Table 9 .
The mean score of HFCV environmental performance

Table 10 .
The mean score of HFCV environmental risks