OPTIMIZED FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE DESIGN TO SET UP SOLAR POWER PLANT DURING OPERATING HOURS IN THE ACADEMIC E – BLOCK AREA – CASE STUDY

This paper is regarding the optimized design feasibility analysis of a solar power plant in our academic area i.e. E-block in Thapar University. For this design analysis, the technical feasibility and financial feasibility has been considered completely. Further, the technical feasibility of the project puts emphasis on irradiation analysis, connected load analysis, rooftop analysis, shadow analysis, load analysis, design of the on-grid system as well as design of the off-grid system. Financial feasibility analysis includes Cost analysis, Payback period, Funding options. This paper also discusses the type of solar power system to be installed based on the conclusions drawn out of the technical analysis for optimal solution for the utilization of block based analysis specifically. The financial feasibility also supports the selection.


Introduction
India is currently ranked sixth in annual electricity consumption, accounting for about 3.5% of the world's total energy consumption.India's electricity consumption has risen by about 64%.The electricity consumption is expected to rise at rate of 8% annually through 2020.There lies an ironic fact that although the consumption of electricity may be very high but the per capita consumption is as low as 1010 kWh in 2014-15 as opposed to 15000 kWh per capita in developed nations.Another, interesting fact is that nearly one fourth of Indian households still have no access to electricity with some states in East and North East having less than even 30% households with access.In this developing countries, like India, currently there are about 400 million people i.e. about 80 million households do not have access to commercial energy and still are not connected from the grid.Hence, renewable energy comes to the rescue for the growing energy needs of India and the energy crisis which is prevalent in India.It will solve the problem of grid disconnectivity.India has been endowed with abundant natural resources that there will be more than enough to mitigate the energy crisis.Even, then we see that renewable energy is still not utilized as per the need of the hour.The following bar graph analysis shows the same in the figure 1.This is the output data of year 2013-2014.Now, government is putting emphasis to utilize this energy and putting forward so many plans to promote it commercially as well as promote its R&D.
Government with the schemes like Jawaharlal Nehru solar mission and subsidies encourages it.According to Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), India aims for setting up 100GW capacity in solar energy which includes 40GW as rooftop type and 60GW as ground mounted type.Thus, the renewable energy has attracted many investors, primarily due to government policies and the return benefits.The renewable revolution has been set in motion but it still needs time to catch up with existing conventional electricity generation plants.The renewable energy analysis is shown in the figure 2. This work deals with the design and feasibility of a solar power plant in a academic E-blockof Thapar university to promote and aware about the advantages of use of solar energy in order to help India achieve its ambitious target of 100GW solar power and boost the renewable energy growth trend as shown in the figure 3.

Description of study area of academic of E-Block
Thapar University, one of the best technical university in the region is located in Patiala, Punjab and is a lush green campus of about 250 acre as shown in the figure 4. It has several academic blocks and E-block is one of the block which is a building consisting of 2-floors and 16 lecture halls.The block is so located, that it's rooftop does have very minimal shadow areas but has good exposure to sun irradiance during the operating hours i.e. lecture hours.

Figure4.Location OfThapar University On Map
The co-ordinates of the block are-Latitude -30˚21′12.62″Nand Longitude -76˚22′20.15″EThetop view of the block is shown in the figure 5.The block is a academic block with maximum load as lighting load or fan load.

Technical feasibility of the project
The following section discusses the technical feasibility of the project.The technical feasibility includes the following factorsi)Irradiation Analysis ii)Connected Load Analysis iii)Rooftop Analysis iv)Shadow Analysis v)Load Analysis vi)Design of on-grid system vii)Design of off-grid system

Irradiation Analysis
The figure 6 gives the solar irradiation at the location throughout the year.The average irradiance comes out to be 5.28 KWh/m 2 /day.The average solar power plant takes 9.3 m 2 for 1KW and plant runs for about 6 hours.Thus producing 6 units (KWh) in a day.Therefore, For 9.3 m 2 it produces 6 units in a day & For 1 m 2 it will produce 6/9.3 units in a day.Therefore, the plant will make 0.645 KWh/m 2 /day which is way below the solar irradiance in every month.Hence,

Figure .7 Connected Load Analysis Of E-Block
plant will get the adequate irradiance for maximum performance throughout the year.Yet, there is difference in performance of the plant throughout the year due to the difference in temperature which affects the performance of the plant.

Connected Load Analysis
The figure 7 shows the connected load analysis of the block.In this, we counted each and every load of the block.The total connected load of the block came out to be = 54.6 KW For the first floor it came out to be = 30.92KW For the ground floor it came out to be = 23.68KW Hence, if everything will be running, it will withdraw 54.6 KW power.Through, this we also got to know about the number of watt-hours of the block.This is needed for the calculations of the off-grid system.

Rooftop Analysis
The rooftop analysis of the block is done to check the available rooftop area and the shadow area and to find the south-facing direction as the south facing installation of panels gives optimized result in-Building height=10 m &Parafitt wall height = 1m&Width = 250m.Also, it is suggested to place panels at an angle of 30˚ for best results and to capture maximum power.The CAD drawing of the block is given in the figure 8. ICAET 2016 -

Shadow Analysis
It was observed that some of the area has shadow of nearby tress, parafitt and tank during the operating hours.This usable area is estimated about 52000 ft^2.As 1KW plant requires about 100 ft^2 area.Thus, 50 KW can be proposed on the rooftop i.e. its maximum capacity.

Load Analysis
The load analysis of the block is very essential which is carried out bybar graph based on the university's electricity bills as shown in the figure 9. From load analysis we conclude that peak consumption is in September of 2846 KWh and minimum consumption is in February of 1176 KWh and also we calculated average consumption from this.

Concluding Remarks For Design-
If the consumer is interested in exporting the energy to grid, then it should go for the maximum capacity block can accommodate.Here, it is 50 KW.If, a consumer doesn't want to export then, it should go with the average consumption which is 12 KW.The plant should be installed in 3 arrays of 4 KW each, so that when consumption is 8 KW, one of the array should be turned off.Here, in our design we will be assuming it to be of 50 KW as the university wants to export the energy to other blocks.Here, also all the factors which could affect financial feasibility are considered as follows-1) Cost analysis 2) Payback period 3) Funding options 4) Carbon points and carbon trading analysis

Payback period
The investment has to be justified by its payback period which tells us savings on the part of the university.The payback comes out to be = 5000000/720000 = 6.94 years (without accelerated depreciation)&Profit in 25 years = (25-7)*720000 =1,29,60,000.The figure 14

Conclusion
A 50KWp on-grid type solar power plant should be installed in the rooftop of academic E-block which will produce approximately 300 units in a day resulting in the optimal use of resources available in the form of solar ICAET 2016 energy for the grid and load during the operating hours.
In our case university, wants to export the energy to the grid so on-grid system will be more beneficial than the off-grid system.This will also result in the payback of investment in 7 years and will yield university an approx.profit of Rs. 1.3 Crore in next 25 years.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.Top View Of E-Block

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. CAD Drawing Of E-Block

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Load Analysis Of E-Block

Figure 10 .
Figure 10.Summary Of Points Of Design Design for 50 KWp system-Panel rating = 250W, 24V&Rating of grid-tie inverter = 50KW.The general voltage rating of grid tie-inverter of 50 KW is 360 V. Hence array of 15, 250W panels will be in series.The CAD of installation is shown in the figure 11.The block diagram of installation is shoen in figure 12.

Figure 11 . 7 Figure 13 .
Figure 11.CAD Of The 50 KWp Installation tells us the trend of payback vs size of the plant.The figure15shows us the profit in 25 years vs size of the plant.