Emergency Linkage Mode of Power Enterprise

Power emergency disposal needs take full advantage of the power enterprise within the external emergency power and resources. Based on analyzing and summarizing the relevant experience of domestic and foreign emergency linkage, this paper draws the Emergency Linkage subjects, Emergency Linkage contents, Emergency Linkage level, which are three key elements if power enterprise Emergency Linkage. Emergency Linkage subjects are divided into the two types of inner subjects and the external body; Emergency Linkage contents are in accordance with four phases of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery; Emergency Linkage level is divided into three levels of enterprise headquarter, provincial enterprise and incident unite. Binding power enterprise emergency management practice, this paper studies the internal Emergency Linkage modes (including horizontal mode and vertical mode), external Emergency Linkage mode and comprehensive Emergency Linkage Mode of power enterprise based on Fishbone Diagram and Process Management Technology.


Introduction
To meet massive power demand caused by the rapid development of national economy, power system has entered the era of ultra-high voltage and interconnected large power system.The safety and stabilization of power system has become an issue that is of great concern to the public.Related research found that power system emergencies feature complicated links, many disaster sources, huge losses and widely affecting [1].Therefore, it is unable that to deal with the complicated emergencies only relies on the emergency capacity of electricity power.
In modern emergency management, full use of various resources for emergency response has become a trend.Currently, there is less study on the Emergency Linkage of power enterprise.Using the experiences abroad and inside for reference, this paper studies the elements and mode of Emergency Linkage.

Foreign Emergency Linkage Experiences
a Corresponding author : fengjie_leo@163.comThrough studying the Emergency Linkage experiences of the United States, Japan, Britain, Australia, it is found the following characteristics (1).In the United States, the main content of Emergency Linkage is that the relevant emergency departments signed a cooperation contract [2]; (2).In Japan, the main content of Emergency Linkage is that government, companies and nonprofit organizations played a relevant role in emergency response [3]; (3).In the UK, it is an effective solution to the division of responsibilities by established a "gold, silver, copper," three emergency command mechanism [4]; (4).In Australia, the multi-level emergency response mode provided material and financial for emergency disposal [5].

Domestic Emergency Linkage Experiences
In China, civil aviation, subway and other industries explored a lot of useful methods in the Emergency Linkage [6,7], such as, the establishment of emergency response mechanisms in line with industry characteristics; the effective integration of internal and external emergency resources; forming corresponding Emergency Linkage processes, methods and technology; explicit emergency response content and approach; combined the Emergency Linkage and emergency management processes.

Summaries of Emergency Linkage Experiences
Through comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign Emergency Linkage experiences, we find the following results: (1) Multiple-subjects Emergency Mechanisms: In emergency management, all kinds the subjects participate in emergency response, mobilized the capacities of each subject get and played their strengths and initiative.
(2) Clear Emergency Linkage Contents: It is clearly defined that procedures and methods of Emergency Linkage, solidified emergency response content, and consolidation Emergency Linkage process; (3) Scientific Emergency Linkage Grade: For utilizing a limited resource, Emergency Linkage level match to the emergency level.

Emergency Linkage Elements of Power Enterprise
By analysing the domestic and foreign Emergency Linkage experiences, the study found that Emergency Linkage has three important elements: Emergency Linkage Subjects; Emergency Linkage Content; Emergency Linkage Level.Based on power enterprise practice, three elements of Emergency Linkage are studied.

Emergency Linkage Subjects
A lot of Emergency Linkage Subjects involved in responding to emergencies.In order to make emergency response in an orderly manner, Emergency Linkage Subjects are divided into the enterprise interior subjects and the external subjects.The external subjects include related internal departments of power enterprise, and the external subjects are divided into government departments, rescue organizations, monitoring departments, news media, and power consumers in accordance with their function.The classification is shown in Figure 1.According PPRR theory, emergency management includes prevention, preparation, response and recovery stages [8].Emergency Linkage Content as an important basis of emergency response work should run through four phases of emergency management.The content involving emergency management four stages is shown in Table 1.Emergency response is a dynamic process.Based on different levels of emergencies, Emergency Linkage Level should be adjusted.When unexpected events affect a large range, it should be taken to a higher Emergency Linkage Level, in order to guarantee the strength and resources of relevant emergency deployment, but also appropriate communication and coordination with external emergency rescue departments.When unexpected events affect a lesser range, it should be taken to a lower Emergency Linkage Level.Specific classification method is shown in Table 2.

Emergency Linkage Level Emergency Disposal Coordination channels
The first level Over greater emergencies The emergency leading group of corporate headquarters or its authorized units are responsible for command and coordination.
The second level Generic emergencies The emergency leading group of provincial enterprises is responsible for directing and coordinating.

The third level Under generic emergencies
The emergency leading group of the incident unit is responsible for directing and coordinating.

Emergency Linkage Mode of Functional Department
Corporate functions around the emergency team, comprehensive support, media disposition, recovery and reconstruction of the four emergency response capabilities [9] establish Internal Emergency Linkage mechanism.This study uses the four emergency response capacities as a starting point to analyse the relevant functional departments involved Internal Emergency Linkage and defines mode of Emergency Linkage mode of functional department by Fishbone Diagram.Emergency Linkage Mode of Functional Department is shown in Figure 3.

Emergency Linkage Mode of Interior Units
Emergency Linkage of power enterprise interior units covers prevention, preparedness, response, recovery of the four emergency management links.This study designs the mode between the incident unit and linkage units by Process Management Technology.The mode is shown in Figure 4.

External Emergency Linkage Mode
In the external Emergency Linkage, Power Enterprise needs to build connection with relevant external subjects, such as rescue agency, monitoring authorities, news media, power consumers, etc., in to ensure that the whole process of emergency management emergencies.External Emergency Linkage activities also cover the four links of emergency management.This study designs external Emergency Linkage mode by Process Management Technology.The mode is shown in Figure 5.
Power Enterprise

Comprehensive Emergency Linkage Mode
In emergency management, it is necessary to build linkage mechanism between power enterprise and external departments.Based on the study of power enterprises Emergency Linkage elements, it is designed that comprehensive Emergency Linkage mode by integrating power enterprise Internal Emergency Linkage mode and external Emergency Linkage Mode.The mode is shown in Figure 6.The mode has been applied in the State Grid Corporation of China.The corporation headquarters has established Emergency Linkage mechanism with 27 provincial companies in accordance with Emergency Linkage mode.Each provincial company has signed Emergency Linkage agreements with related units, according to themself characteristics.The State Grid Corporation of China organized 656 Emergency Linkage exercises with all levels of government departments.By applying Emergency Linkage mode, the various types of emergency resources of the State Grid Corporation of China have been scientific integration; external emergency power has been got the full benefits; and the emergency response capacity of corporation has been further enhanced.

Conclusion
On the basis of full study at domestic and foreign Emergency Linkage current state, we proposed the three elements of Emergency Linkage: Emergency Linkage subjects, Emergency Linkage content and Emergency Linkage level.They construct the basis for designing the modes of Emergency Linkage.We designed Power Enterprise Internal Emergency Linkage Mode (including Emergency Linkage Mode of Functional Department and Emergency Linkage Mode of Interior Units) and External Emergency Linkage Mode.The modes provide a scientific reference to build Power Enterprise Emergency Linkage mechanism, also help Power Enterprise further enhance emergency response capacity and improve the emergency management level.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Classification of Emergency Linkage Subjects Emergency Linkage Content

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Emergency Linkage Mode of Power Enterprise Functional Department

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Emergency Linkage Mode of Power Enterprise Interior Units

Table 1 .
Emergency Linkage Related Content 3.2 Emergency Linkage LevelPower enterprise emergency management is generally divided into three levels: the first level is the enterprise headquarters level; the second level is the provincial enterprises level; the third level is the incident unit level.Each level contains a number of functional departments.In lateral dimension, various functional departments are directed by the emergency leading group.In vertical dimension, lower functional departments are guided by related higher departments.The specific situation is shown in Figure2Figure 2. Power Enterprise Emergency Management Organization Relations